Everyone must have heard words like “SENSEX” “NIFTY” and ups and downs in the share market so now let’s look that what exactly these things mean in the world of SHARE MARKET (Stock Market).
The securities contract and regulation act
Basically, stock exchange is the body where one can buy and sell securities like shares, bonds
Every stock exchange has a specific location. In India, there are 23 stock exchanges among which Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE) and National Stock Exchange (NSE), now before going further let’s talk about the

Security Exchange Board of India (SEBI)
Securities And Exchange
The main Objectives of SEBI are:-
- To regulate activities of
stock exchange. - To protect the rights of investor and ensuring safety to their investment.
- To prevent fraudulent and malpractices by having
balance betweenself regulation of business and its statutory regulations. - To regulate and develop a code of conduct for intermediaries such as brokers, underwriters, etc.

National Stock Exchange (NSE)
The National Stock Exchange of India Ltd. (NSE) is the leading stock exchange in India and the second largest in the world by nos. of trades in equity shares from January to June 2018, according to world federation report. It was established in 1992 and commenced operations in whole-sale debt market in June 1994 and trading in equities has been started in the Capital Market Segment (CM) in November, 1994. NSE launched electronic screen- based trading in 1994, derivatives trading (in the form of index futures) and internet trading in 2000, which were each the first of its kind in India.NSE has a fully-integrated business model comprising exchange listings, trading services, clearing and settlement services, indices, market data feeds, technology solutions and financial education offerings. NSE also oversees compliance by trading and clearing members and listed companies with rules and regulations of the exchange.
Objectives of NSE are:-
- To provide a fair, transparent and efficient securities market to investors using
electronic trading system. - To establish
nationwide trading facility for equities and debt instruments. - To ensure equal access to investors all over the country through an appropriate communication network.
- To improve the standard of securities market to
international level.
Nifty 50 indexes

Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE)
The Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE), also known as the Stock Exchange of Mumbai, is one of the oldest stock exchanges in all Asia dating back to 1875 when it was known as the Native Share and Stock Brokers Association and became the first stock exchange in the country to be
In 2017 BSE became the 1st listed stock exchange of India. Today BSE provides an efficient and transparent market for trading in equity, currencies, debt instruments, derivatives, mutual funds. BSE’s popular equity index-the S&P BSE SENSEX- is India’s most widely tracked stock market benchmark index. It is traded internationally on the EUREX as well as leading exchanges of the
Objectives of BSE are:-
- To promote and inculcate
honourable and just practices of trade in securities transactions, and to discourage malpractices. - To check the abnormal variations in the price as well as the volumes of the Securities are
scrutinised and appropriate actions are taken.
S&P BSE SENSEX index is the benchmark index of the Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE) in India. It is derived from the word Sensitive + index = SENSEX. SENSEX movement is based on the 30 of the largest and most actively-traded stocks on the BSE, providing an accurate gauge of India’s economy. SENSEX is also calculated on the bases of
Bullish and Bearish Market
In India bullish market was lasted for 31 months from 2016 to 2018.

Trading Procedure on a Stock Exchange
1. Selection of Broker: – The first step is to select a broker who can trade securities on behalf of the investor and these brokers must be registered under SEBI. A broker can be an institution, partnership firm or an individual.
2. Opening a Demat Account: – As per the reforms no securities are traded in physical form they are now traded in the electronic from. So a Demat Account is opened with a depository participant. Depository is an institution or an organisation which holds securities while depository participant is an agent of the depository with the help of whom depository interacts with the investors as depository has no direct contact with investor. There are two depositories in India
- National Securities Depositories Ltd (NSDL)
- Central Depository Services Ltd (CDSL)
3. Placing Order: – After creating the account the investor will place the order. The order is placed by the investor through its broker or DP personally or through any other medium. The order should be clearly transferred so that there must be no misunderstanding. All the details or ranges of price must be clearly mentioned. For e.g.:- Buy 150 shares of TCS for not more than Rs400 per share. The broker will place the order according to the instructions and may be place the order on a more fare price.
4. Executing the order: – After execution of the order the broker issues a Contract Note within 24 hours. A Contract Note is the document which contains all the relevant information like – No. of shares, price, date and time, name of the security, name of the parties and the brokerage charged by the broker. This Contract Note is signed by the broker. This document is very important in case of any legal dispute as it contains the Unique Order Code assigned to it by the stock exchange.
5. Settlement: – This is the final stage of trading in securities. In here the actual transfer of security from buyer to seller takes place. At this
- On the spot Settlement: – In
this the settlementis take place immediately and on the spot and it follows the T+2 rolling settlement, here T= Transfer and 2= Grace Days. According to this pattern if any transaction has occurred on Monday then it gets settled by Wednesday. - Forward Settlement:- In
this the settlementtake place on any future date which is decided by both the parties or by mutual understanding of both the parties it canbe take place on T+5, T+8etc .
All trading in stock exchange takes place between 9:55 am to 3:30 pm Monday to Friday.

How to Choose a Stock
Every person loves money whether a teen, an adult or a child. They all know the value of money in their life. There are so many options available nowadays where a person can invest money but the return from that money is not as high which can change the living standard of a person. So for higher returns one invests in the share market.
So for a beginner who wants to invest in the share market and earn lots of profit first question arises in his mind that which stock he should pick as his first investment. First and for most things a person must keep in his mind that there is not any kind of surety that the first investment will bring profit as a beginner one has to face losses.
So never ever gets
1. Selecting the industry: – The first step is that you should select the type of industry in which you have a little bit of interest about which you can dig up.
2. Research about the selected
Growth of the industryDemand of its product in the market- Reviews of the existing shareholders
- Annual sales of the company
- How its competitors are doing
- Any Fraud the company has done in the past
- A little
bit information about the owner of the company like- about his salary, leadership style,management , and response towards the shareholders - Track record of the company
- Management’s track record
- Annual report of the company
3. Choose Low debt companies:- Low debt companies means the companies which are not under the burden of high amount of loan no matter that they are earning less profit than the high debt companies because there are chances that they won’t be able to earn high profit for longer period they may be shut down due to burden of loan. So always prefer low debt companies.
4. Choose company whose Sales and Profit both are increasing: – Always choose a company whose both sales and profit are increasing as only sales making companies are generally running their companies in loss. So higher and higher sales does not imply that the company’s position is good in the market as anyone can sell the product but selling the product with the profit is the characteristics of a good company. So increasing sales with increasing profit is important.
5. Return on Capital: – Return on capital is the profitability ratio which shows that how much profit the company is generating from the capital invested. Return on capital of the firm shows the strength and size of its moat. The company is good for doing investment if only it is more than 20% return annually. As an investor one must know that in the company where they are investing their money it is capable of giving them good return.
6. Quality + Valuation: – Valuation of the share refers to buying the share at the time when the price of share is low and selling them when their price is high. Quality of shares tells that how much worth does this share has in the market in current and in future. Quality can be checked by analysing the balance sheet of the company and by different ratios.
7. Customer Satisfaction: – Customer satisfaction is necessary in investing in the stock as it shows that how much longer the product of the company is going to survive in the market and about the future demand of the product this can be done by checking the reviews of the customer online or by using that product on your own. So that you can understand the life or the future demand of the product.
8. Read business magazines: – For updating your knowledge regarding the companies daily or monthly performances magazines play an essential role as it keep the investor in touch with the new and old company’s performance.
9. Do not rely on the past performance
10. Invest in established brands: – A new investor who does not know very much about different companies must try to invest in those companies which are very old and have a good brand image in the stock market. So the risk of losing is quiet less.
11. Try to invest for long term: – The beginners must try to invest for long term as the company might be not making profit at present but there is probability that it will make in future. In this situation “less risk more profit” fits very well.
5 most successful Investors

1. Warren Buffett
He is
He was rejected from Harvard
“Rule no 1. Don’t lose money, rule no 2- Don’t forget rule no 1”

2. Benjamin Graham
He was a great investor he was a professor at Columbia University and o writer of many books related to
- Only buy when there is a certainty that the company is worth more than its cost
- Sell when the company is overvalued
- Know that the market is constantly fluctuating\

3. Rakesh Jhunjhunvala
He is an Indian investor and trader. He is the Big Bull Badshah of Dalal Street. He is also referred as India’s Warren Buffett. He also co-produced various Bollywood films. He started his investment in
His 1st mentor was his father. He also told in the interview with Economic Times that One should not get fixated on macro events but on great businesses at an attractive price. All kind of events
“Buy right and hold tight”

4. John Templeton
John is the most famous investor who took risks on companies others would have shied away. He invested in 100 companies most of them were at the point of bankruptcy and his bold moves paid off and he ended up selling all but four of the companies at
- Buy low and sell high
- Pay attention to the companies that
others investors ignore - Be bold

5. Radhakishan Damami
He is an Indian investor a self made billionaire and the owner of India’s 3rd largest mega retail stores’ chain “Dmart”. He never had interest in the stock market but the untimely death of his father led him to step in the stock market. He made his first stock market investment at the age of 32. His core mentor was Chandrakant Sampat whom he met in the early 1990’s. He succeeded when he started investing for the long term.
All these investors are the inspiration for the investors that one should never lose hope that after failing first time doesn’t meant that ever thing is ended up it can turn up into a new beginning also so these investors are the biggest examples of all time. So have patience and earn money!
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– Quite valuable insights & inputs shared on Stock market in India
– A must read for any beginner or someone who wants to gain idea about stock & market terminologies