T-SQL Fundamentals

• Introduction to T-SQL
• Understanding SQL Server Databases
• Basic SQL Syntax

Data Retrieval with SELECT

• SELECT statement basics
• Querying single and multiple tables
• Filtering and Sorting Data
• Using Aliases
• Working with NULL values

Filtering and Querying Data

• WHERE clause
• Comparison operators
• Logical operators (AND, OR, NOT)
• BETWEEN, IN, LIKE, and IS NULL
• Subqueries

Joins and Relationships

• Inner Joins
• Outer Joins (LEFT, RIGHT, FULL)
• Self-Joins
• Joining multiple tables
• Understanding relationship types (One-to-One, One-to-Many, Many-to-Many)

Aggregating Data

• Aggregate functions (SUM, AVG, COUNT, MIN, MAX)
• GROUP BY clause
• HAVING clause
• GROUPING SETS and ROLLUP

Modifying Data

• INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE statements
• Using transactions (BEGIN TRANSACTION, COMMIT, ROLLBACK)
• Identity columns
• Triggers

T-SQL Functions

• Scalar functions
• Table-valued functions
• System functions (GETDATE, NEWID, etc.)
• User-defined functions

Working with Dates and Times

• Date and time data types
• Date and time functions (DATEADD, DATEDIFF, etc.)
• Formatting dates and times

T-SQL Programming Constructs

• Variables
• Control-of-Flow language (IF, ELSE, CASE)
• WHILE and FOR loops
• Cursors

Error Handling

• TRY...CATCH blocks
• RAISEERROR function
• Handling exceptions and errors

Dynamic SQL

• Building and executing dynamic SQL queries
• Preventing SQL injection

Indexes and Query Optimization

• Index types (Clustered, Non-clustered)
• Index design and best practices
• Query execution plans
• Query performance tuning

Stored Procedures

• Creating and modifying stored procedures
• Input and output parameters
• Execution context

Triggers and Transactions

• Creating and modifying triggers
• Working with transactions
• Nested transactions

Views and User-Defined Types

• Creating and using views
• User-defined types (UDTs)
• Indexing views

Dynamic Management Views (DMVs)

• Understanding DMVs
• Querying DMVs for performance insights
• Monitoring and troubleshooting

Advanced T-SQL Concepts

• Window functions (ROW_NUMBER, RANK, etc.)
• Common Table Expressions (CTEs)
• Pivot and Unpivot
• XML and JSON in SQL Server

Security and Permissions

• Granting and revoking permissions
• Ownership chaining
• Impersonation

T-SQL Best Practices

• Code formatting and naming conventions
• Code documentation
• Performance optimization techniques

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