Course Outline
CSS Basics
- Introduction: An overview of CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) and its role in web design.
- CSS3 Evolution: Explaining the evolution from CSS2 to CSS3 and its new capabilities.
- Why to use CSS: The importance of CSS in styling web pages and separating content from design.
- CSS Editors: Tools used for writing and editing CSS code, such as Sublime Text and Visual Studio Code.
- A CSS Example: A simple example demonstrating how to apply styles to HTML elements.
- Custom CSS: How to create custom CSS rules to style web pages beyond default settings.
- Cross Browser Testing: Techniques for ensuring CSS works consistently across different browsers.
- Including CSS: Different methods of including CSS in an HTML document: inline, internal, and external.
- Validating CSS: Using validation tools to ensure CSS code meets web standards.
- Browser-Specific Prefixes: Using vendor prefixes to ensure cross-browser compatibility for new CSS features.
CSS Components
- CSS Components: Understanding the fundamental building blocks of a CSS rule.
- Rules: How CSS rules define the styles to apply to elements.
- Selectors (Grouping & Type): Explaining grouping selectors and selecting elements by type in CSS.
- Declaration Block: The section of CSS containing property-value pairs that define styles.
- Property: The specific style attribute to be applied to elements (e.g., color, font-size).
- Value: The value assigned to a CSS property (e.g., "red" for the color property).
- Keywords (Auto, Multiple & String): Understanding common keywords in CSS such as 'auto', 'multiple', and 'string'.
- Lengths: CSS unit types used for defining length properties such as px, em, and rem.
- Relative Units (px, em, ex, %): Explaining relative units like px, em, ex, and percentages used in CSS for sizing.
- Numbers: How numbers are used in CSS for various properties like font size or opacity.
- Colors: Using CSS to define colors through names, hex codes, rgb(), or hsl().
- URL(): Using the URL() function in CSS to link to resources like images or fonts.
- Quirks Mode: How older browsers may render CSS in quirks mode, causing inconsistencies.
Selectors
- Selector Basics: An introduction to basic selectors such as type, class, and id.
- Tag Selectors: Selecting elements by their tag name in CSS.
- Class Selector: Selecting HTML elements with a specific class attribute.
- ID Selectors: Targeting elements with a unique ID attribute.
- Group Selector: Combining multiple selectors to apply the same styles to different elements.
- HTML Hierarchy: Using CSS to target elements based on their position in the HTML hierarchy.
- Descendant Selector: Selecting elements that are descendants of another element.
- Universal Selector: The universal selector (*) targets all elements on a page.
Advanced Selectors
- Pseudo-classes and Pseudo-Elements: CSS selectors that style elements based on their state or structure.
- Pseudo-Classes for Links: Applying styles to links in different states (e.g., :hover, :active, :visited).
- Direct Child Selectors: Targeting elements that are direct children of a specific parent.
- Next Sibling Selector: Selecting an element that immediately follows another element.
- Attribute Selectors: Targeting elements based on their attributes and values.
- Pseudo-Elements :First-Letter and :First-Line: Styling the first letter or first line of an element's text.
- Advanced Pseudo-Classes: Using pseudo-classes like :nth-child and :not for more complex selections.
- CSS3 New Attribute Selectors: New methods for selecting elements based on attributes in CSS3.
- CSS3 New Pseudo Classes: New pseudo-classes introduced in CSS3 for more dynamic styling.
Cascade and Inheritance
- Inheritance Basics: How CSS properties are inherited from parent to child elements.
- Why Inheritance: The importance of inheritance in simplifying the application of styles.
- Inheritance Rules: The rules governing which properties are inherited by default.
- Cascade Basics: How the CSS cascade determines which styles are applied when multiple rules target the same element.
- CSS Specificity: An Overview: Understanding how CSS specificity affects the priority of rules.
- What is Specificity?: How specificity is calculated to determine which styles override others.
- Specificity Hierarchy: The hierarchy of specificity that determines which rule is applied when conflicting styles exist.
- Finding Selector’s Specificity: Techniques for calculating the specificity of a CSS selector.
- !important Usage: The proper use of the !important declaration to override other styles.
Applying Font Formatting
- Font Formatting Basics: An introduction to CSS properties for controlling fonts.
- Font-Family: Defining font families to be used for text on the webpage.
- Font Combinations: Combining different fonts to create an appealing typography.
- Font-Style: Applying styles such as italic to text.
- Font-Weight: Setting the weight (boldness) of the font.
- Text-Transform: Controlling the capitalization of text (e.g., uppercase, lowercase).
- Text-Decoration: Adding decorations like underlines, overlines, or strike-throughs to text.
- Font-Variant: Applying alternate forms of fonts, such as small caps.
- Font Size: Setting the size of the text in various units (e.g., px, em, rem).
- Font Shorthand: Combining multiple font properties into one shorthand rule.
Text Display Control
- Text Display Basics: Understanding how to control the display and alignment of text.
- Line-Height: Adjusting the height of each line of text for readability.
- Letter-Spacing: Controlling the spacing between individual letters.
- Word-Spacing: Adjusting the space between words.
- Text-Indent: Indenting text, often used for paragraphs.
- Text Align: Aligning text horizontally (left, center, right).
- White Space Property: Controlling the handling of white spaces in text.
- Adding Color to Text: Using CSS to apply colors to text and background.
Page Background
- Background Basics: Understanding background properties like color and image.
- Background-Color: Setting a solid color as the background of an element.
- Background-Image: Adding an image as a background.
- Background-Repeat: Controlling how a background image repeats.
- Background-Position: Adjusting the position of a background image.
- Background-Attachment: Fixing the background image position while scrolling.
- Background Shorthand: Combining all background-related properties into one rule.
- CSS3 Multiple Background Images and Styles: Using multiple background images and their layering in CSS3.
CSS Box Model
- Box Model Basics: Introduction to margin, border, padding, and content areas.
- Margin: Setting the outermost space around an element.
- Margin Collapsing: How margins collapse between adjacent elements.
- Margin for Horizontal Alignment: Using margins for centering elements horizontally.
- Border: Defining a border around elements.
- Padding: Adding space inside an element between its content and border.
- Height and Width: Controlling the size of elements.
- IE Quirks Mode: Understanding how IE renders elements differently in quirks mode.
- Min and Max Dimensions: Setting minimum and maximum dimensions for elements.
- Overflow Property: Controlling how overflow content is handled within elements.
- CSS3 Border Properties: New border properties introduced in CSS3 for customization.
Float
- Float Basics: Introduction to the float property and its use cases.
- Float Property: How to apply the float property to elements.
- Clear Property: Clearing floated elements to prevent layout issues.
- IE 6 Float Bugs: Addressing issues related to float bugs in Internet Explorer 6.
- Bug Removal Technique: Methods for fixing float issues in older browsers.
- Vertically Aligning Content: Techniques for aligning elements vertically within their containers.
Positioning
- Positioning Basics: Introduction to static, relative, absolute, and fixed positioning.
- Positioning Introduction: Overview of different positioning techniques.
- Relative Positioning: Positioning elements relative to their normal position.
- Absolute Positioning: Positioning elements relative to their closest positioned ancestor.
- Fixed Positioning: Fixing elements in a fixed position relative to the viewport.
- Z-INDEX: Controlling the stacking order of positioned elements.
Styling Lists
- List Styling Basics: Introduction to styling unordered, ordered, and description lists.
- List Tags: Basic HTML list tags (ul, ol, li) and how they relate to CSS.
- List-Style-Type Property: Changing the bullet style or numbering of lists.
- List-Style-Image Property: Using custom images as list item markers.
- List-Style-Position Property: Controlling the position of list item markers.
- List-Style Shorthand Property: Combining all list-style properties into one shorthand rule.
Styling Tables
- Table Styling Basics: Introduction to styling table elements like borders and spacing.
- Table Elements: Understanding table-specific elements like rows, columns, and cells.
- Captions: Styling table captions for better readability.
- Columns: Defining and styling columns in tables.
- Table Layout: Controlling the layout of tables using CSS properties.
- Borders Collapsing: Collapsing borders between table cells for a cleaner look.
- Border Spacing: Defining space between table borders.
Print Styling
- Print Styling Basics: Basic principles for creating print-specific stylesheets.
- Print Style Sheets Advantages: Benefits of using separate styles for print.
- Applying Styles Based On Media: Using media queries to apply styles depending on the output device.
- The @media rule: How to use the @media rule for responsive design.
- Page Breaks: Controlling where page breaks occur in printed content.
- Content Property: Inserting generated content using CSS.
- Print Style Sheets Tips: Practical tips for creating effective print stylesheets.
Customizing styles
- Customizing Basics: Fundamental techniques for customizing the appearance of elements.
- Custom Fonts: Using custom fonts with CSS.
- Gradient Backgrounds: Creating gradient backgrounds with CSS.
- Custom Mouse Cursor: Changing the default mouse cursor using CSS.
- Custom Opacity: Setting the transparency level of elements.
- Custom Visibility: Controlling the visibility of elements on the page.
CSS3 Enhancements
- Multiple Columns: Implementing multi-column layouts in CSS3.
- CSS3 User Interface Module: Enhancements to user interface elements in CSS3.
- Media Queries: Making web designs responsive with media queries.
- Text Effects and Typographic Styles: Applying advanced text effects like shadows, colors, and typography.
- Color, Gradient, and Opacity: Using CSS to control color, gradients, and element transparency.
- Transition and Animation: Creating smooth transitions and animations with CSS.
- 2D and 3D Transformation: Transforming elements in 2D and 3D space with CSS.
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