Selenium Automation Tester Using Java Interview Questions

Checkout Vskills Interview questions with answers in Selenium Automation Tester using Java to prepare for your next job role. The questions are submitted by professionals to help you to prepare for the Interview.

Q.1 What is Selenium?

Selenium is an open-source automation testing framework used for web application testing.

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Q.2 What are the components of Selenium?

Selenium WebDriver, Selenium IDE, and Selenium Grid are the key components of Selenium.

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Q.3 Explain the difference between Selenium WebDriver and Selenium IDE.

Selenium WebDriver is a programming interface for automating web applications, while Selenium IDE is a record-and-playback tool.

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Q.4 What programming languages are supported by Selenium WebDriver?

Selenium WebDriver supports languages such as Java, Python, C#, Ruby, and more.

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Q.5 Why is Selenium WebDriver preferred for automation testing?

Selenium WebDriver provides a more flexible and powerful way to interact with web elements and perform complex automation tasks.

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Q.6 How do you locate elements in Selenium WebDriver?

Elements can be located using various locators like ID, Name, XPath, CSS Selector, Link Text, and more.

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Q.7 What is an XPath, and how is it used in Selenium?

XPath is a language used for navigating XML documents. In Selenium, it's used to locate elements on web pages.

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Q.8 Explain the difference between absolute and relative XPath.

Absolute XPath starts from the root element, while relative XPath starts from the current element, making it more flexible.

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Q.9 How do you handle dynamic elements in Selenium?

Dynamic elements can be handled using techniques like XPath functions, CSS partial matching, or waiting strategies.

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Q.10 What is a WebDriver interface in Selenium?

WebDriver is an interface in Selenium that provides methods for interacting with web elements and controlling the browser.

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Q.11 How do you launch a browser using WebDriver in Selenium?

You can launch a browser by creating an instance of the WebDriver and specifying the browser driver executable path.

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Q.12 What is the purpose of the get() method in WebDriver?

The get() method is used to navigate to a specific URL in the web browser.

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Q.13 How do you find the title of a web page in Selenium?

You can use the getTitle() method to retrieve the title of the currently open web page.

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Q.14 How do you find the current URL of a web page in Selenium?

The getCurrentUrl() method is used to obtain the current URL of the web page.

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Q.15 Explain how to perform actions on web elements using WebDriver.

You can perform actions like click, type, clear, select, drag-and-drop, and more using WebDriver methods.

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Q.16 What is a WebElement in Selenium?

WebElement represents an HTML element on a web page and provides methods to interact with it.

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Q.17 How do you click a button using Selenium WebDriver?

You can use the click() method on a WebElement to simulate a button click action.

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Q.18 How do you enter text into a text field using Selenium WebDriver?

The sendKeys() method is used to enter text into text fields and input elements.

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Q.19 How do you perform double-click actions in Selenium?

You can perform double-click actions using the Actions class by chaining the doubleClick() method.

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Q.20 Explain how to handle checkboxes in Selenium.

To handle checkboxes, use the isSelected() method to check if it's selected, and click() to toggle its state.

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Q.21 How do you perform mouse hover actions in Selenium?

Mouse hover actions are performed using the Actions class with moveToElement().

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Q.22 What is the purpose of the Select class in Selenium?

The Select class is used for interacting with dropdowns and list-based UI elements in WebDriver.

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Q.23 How do you select an option from a dropdown using Selenium?

You can select an option by creating a Select object, and then using selectByVisibleText(), selectByValue(), or selectByIndex().

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Q.24 How do you switch between frames and windows in Selenium?

You can use switchTo().frame() to switch between frames and switchTo().window() to switch between browser windows.

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Q.25 Explain how to perform drag-and-drop operations in Selenium.

Drag-and-drop operations are performed using the Actions class with dragAndDrop().

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Q.26 How do you handle alerts and pop-up windows in Selenium?

Alerts and pop-ups can be handled using the Alert class with methods like accept(), dismiss(), and getText().

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Q.27 What is a Page Object Model (POM) in Selenium?

The Page Object Model is a design pattern that represents web pages as Java classes, making test code more maintainable.

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Q.28 How do you implement the Page Object Model in Selenium?

Create a separate class for each web page, define elements and methods, and instantiate those classes in test scripts.

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Q.29 What is a test framework, and why is it important in Selenium testing?

A test framework is a set of guidelines and practices for organizing and managing tests, enhancing test automation.

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Q.30 Explain the importance of test automation frameworks in Selenium.

Frameworks provide structure, reusability, and scalability to test code, making it easier to manage and maintain.

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Q.31 What are the types of test automation frameworks in Selenium?

Common types include Data-Driven Testing, Keyword-Driven Testing, Hybrid Testing, and Behavior-Driven Development (BDD).

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Q.32 How do you handle dynamic data in test scripts using Selenium?

Dynamic data can be handled by using variables, reading from external sources, or generating data as needed.

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Q.33 What is a testNG framework, and how does it benefit Selenium testing?

TestNG is a testing framework for Java that provides features like parallel execution, test prioritization, and reporting, enhancing test automation.

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Q.34 How do you configure TestNG for Selenium tests?

You configure TestNG by creating test suites, specifying test classes, defining test methods, and using annotations.

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Q.35 What is an assertion in Selenium, and how is it used?

Assertions are used to verify expected conditions in test scripts, and they help determine the test pass or fail status.

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Q.36 How do you handle timeouts and waits in Selenium?

Timeouts and waits can be handled using methods like implicitWait, explicitWait, and fluentWait to wait for elements to appear or conditions to be met.

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Q.37 What is the difference between implicit wait and explicit wait in Selenium?

Implicit wait sets a global timeout for all elements, while explicit wait applies only to specific elements or conditions.

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Q.38 How do you capture screenshots in Selenium?

Screenshots can be captured using WebDriver methods and saved as image files for documentation or debugging purposes.

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Q.39 What is headless browser testing in Selenium?

Headless browser testing allows testing without a visible UI, which can be faster and suitable for automated testing.

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Q.40 How do you handle multiple browser windows in Selenium?

Window handles and getWindowHandles() are used to switch between multiple browser windows.

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Q.41 What is a test listener in TestNG, and how is it useful?

Test listeners allow you to customize test execution by intercepting events like test start, test finish, and test failure.

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Q.42 How do you handle file uploads in Selenium WebDriver?

File uploads are handled by locating the file input element, sending the file path, and simulating a file selection.

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Q.43 How do you handle browser cookies in Selenium?

You can add, retrieve, and delete cookies using WebDriver's methods to manage browser cookies during testing.

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Q.44 How do you perform parallel execution of tests in TestNG?

TestNG allows you to run tests in parallel by configuring thread counts and specifying parallel execution options.

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Q.45 What is cross-browser testing in Selenium?

Cross-browser testing ensures that a web application functions correctly across different web browsers and versions.

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Q.46 How do you parameterize tests in TestNG?

You can parameterize tests by using TestNG's @Parameters annotation and providing parameter values from an XML file or a data provider method.

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Q.47 What is a data-driven framework in Selenium?

A data-driven framework separates test data from test scripts, allowing tests to be executed with multiple sets of data.

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Q.48 How do you handle authentication pop-ups in Selenium?

Authentication pop-ups can be handled by embedding credentials in the URL or using the Alert class to provide credentials.

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Q.49 How do you handle browser navigation in Selenium?

Browser navigation can be controlled using methods like navigate().to(), navigate().back(), and navigate().forward().

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Q.50 What is the PageFactory class in Selenium?

The PageFactory class is used for initializing Page Objects and locating elements using annotations like @FindBy.

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Q.51 How do you handle frames and iframes in Selenium?

Frames and iframes can be switched using the switchTo().frame() method to interact with elements within them.

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Q.52 What is TestNG's data provider annotation, and how is it used?

@DataProvider is used to supply test data to test methods, making it easy to run the same test with different data sets.

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Q.53 How do you perform assertions in TestNG?

Assertions in TestNG are performed using methods like assertEquals(), assertTrue(), and assertFalse().

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Q.54 Explain the concept of parallel test execution in Selenium.

Parallel test execution allows running multiple test cases concurrently, reducing test execution time.

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Q.55 How do you handle broken links and images in Selenium?

Broken links and images can be identified by sending HTTP requests and checking response codes or by using third-party libraries.

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Q.56 What is a framework data provider, and why is it used in Selenium testing?

A framework data provider supplies test data to multiple test cases, promoting reusability and reducing duplication of data.

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Q.57 What is a test suite in TestNG, and how is it created?

A test suite in TestNG is a collection of test classes or methods organized for execution. You create test suites using XML configuration files.

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Q.58 How do you capture network traffic during Selenium testing?

Tools like BrowserMob Proxy and Selenium WebDriver's built-in capabilities can capture network traffic for analysis.

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Q.59 What is the difference between hard and soft assertions in TestNG?

Hard assertions immediately fail the test if they fail, while soft assertions collect multiple failures and report them after all assertions are checked.

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Q.60 How do you handle test data management in Selenium?

Test data can be managed using data-driven frameworks, external data sources, or data providers in TestNG.

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Q.61 Explain how to execute specific test methods using TestNG.

You can execute specific test methods by including their names in the testng.xml configuration file or using the TestNG suite.

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Q.62 What is a batch test execution in TestNG?

Batch test execution allows grouping multiple test methods into a batch and running them together in a specific order.

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Q.63 How do you perform database testing in Selenium?

Database testing can be performed using JDBC or database-specific libraries to interact with databases and verify data integrity.

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Q.64 How do you handle synchronization issues in Selenium?

Synchronization can be achieved using explicit waits, fluent waits, or custom waits to ensure that the page is fully loaded before performing actions.

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Q.65 Explain the importance of test reporting in Selenium.

Test reporting provides detailed information about test execution, including pass/fail status, exceptions, and log messages, aiding in debugging.

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Q.66 How do you generate test reports in Selenium?

Test reports can be generated using TestNG's built-in reporters or by integrating with third-party reporting tools like Extent Reports or Allure.

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Q.67 What is a test case in Selenium, and how is it structured?

A test case in Selenium is a set of steps or actions performed to verify the functionality of a specific feature. It typically consists of test data, test steps, and assertions.

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Q.68 How do you perform load testing using Selenium?

Selenium is not primarily designed for load testing. Tools like Apache JMeter or Gatling are better suited for load testing.

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Q.69 How do you handle exceptions and errors in Selenium?

Exceptions and errors can be handled using try-catch blocks, logging, and reporting mechanisms to capture and report issues.

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Q.70 Explain the concept of WebDriver wait in Selenium.

WebDriver wait is used to wait for a certain condition to be met before proceeding with test execution. It helps avoid synchronization issues.

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Q.71 How do you handle dynamic web elements that have changing attributes?

Dynamic elements with changing attributes can be located using XPath or CSS selectors that match part of the attribute value.

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Q.72 What is the purpose of TestNG listeners in Selenium testing?

TestNG listeners allow you to customize test execution and report generation by intercepting test events and results.

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Q.73 How do you handle SSL certificate-related errors in Selenium?

SSL certificate-related errors can be bypassed in Selenium by configuring the WebDriver to accept insecure certificates.

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Q.74 How do you perform cross-device and cross-browser testing in Selenium?

Cross-device and cross-browser testing can be achieved using cloud-based testing platforms or Selenium Grid for parallel execution on different browsers and devices.

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Q.75 Explain the concept of continuous integration and how Selenium fits in.

Continuous integration (CI) involves automating the build and test process. Selenium can be integrated into CI pipelines to execute automated tests after each code commit.

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Q.76 How do you handle dynamic elements that appear or disappear on a web page?

Dynamic elements can be handled using explicit waits with expected conditions like elementToBeClickable(), presenceOfElementLocated(), or invisibilityOfElementLocated().

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Q.77 What is a keyword-driven framework in Selenium testing?

A keyword-driven framework separates test scripts from test data and uses keywords to specify test steps, making test automation more accessible for non-technical users.

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Q.78 How do you handle pop-up windows that are not traditional browser alerts?

Non-traditional pop-up windows can be handled using window handles, switching to the desired window, and performing actions on it.

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Q.79 How do you scroll and interact with elements that are not immediately visible on a web page?

You can scroll to elements using JavaScriptExecutor or Actions class and perform actions once they become visible.

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Q.80 Explain the importance of maintaining test documentation in Selenium testing.

Test documentation provides a reference for test cases, test data, and expected results, ensuring clarity and reproducibility of tests.

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Q.81 How do you perform parallel testing on multiple browsers using Selenium Grid?

Selenium Grid allows you to run tests in parallel on multiple browsers and platforms by configuring nodes with desired browser capabilities.

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Q.82 What is a data-driven testing framework, and why is it useful in Selenium?

A data-driven testing framework separates test data from test logic, enabling the same test to be executed with different datasets, improving test coverage.

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Q.83 How do you handle test data stored in external sources like Excel or databases?

External test data can be accessed using libraries or APIs to read data from Excel files, databases, CSV files, or other sources.

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Q.84 What is continuous testing, and how does it relate to Selenium?

Continuous testing is the practice of running automated tests throughout the software development lifecycle. Selenium can be integrated into continuous testing pipelines.

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Q.85 How do you integrate Selenium tests with Continuous Integration (CI) tools like Jenkins?

Jenkins and other CI tools can execute Selenium tests by triggering test scripts from repositories, managing test environments, and generating reports.

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Q.86 What is the purpose of parallel test execution, and when is it beneficial?

Parallel test execution improves test execution speed and efficiency by running multiple tests concurrently, saving time in large test suites.

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Q.87 How do you handle test case dependencies in Selenium?

Test case dependencies can be managed by executing tests in a specific order or by using TestNG's test dependency features.

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Q.88 Explain the concept of "headless" browsers in Selenium and their use cases.

Headless browsers don't have a visible UI but can be used for automated testing, especially in server environments and for performance testing.

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Q.89 What are the advantages of using Page Object Model (POM) in Selenium testing?

POM enhances test maintainability, reusability, and readability by encapsulating web page elements and interactions into reusable classes.

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Q.90 How do you handle test data that needs to be securely stored, such as passwords or API keys?

Sensitive test data should be encrypted or stored securely, and only decrypted or retrieved when needed during test execution.

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Q.91 What are the best practices for writing efficient and maintainable Selenium test scripts?

Best practices include using meaningful test method names, comments, reusable functions, and following the Page Object Model (POM).

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Q.92 How do you generate test data for Selenium test cases?

Test data can be generated manually, extracted from production data, or created using data generation libraries or tools.

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Q.93 What is a test execution listener in TestNG, and how is it useful?

A test execution listener allows you to customize test execution by intercepting events like test start, test finish, and test failure, and taking specific actions.

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Q.94 How do you handle exceptions and failures during test execution in Selenium?

Exceptions and failures can be logged, reported, and handled gracefully using try-catch blocks and custom exception handling mechanisms.

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Q.95 Explain the role of reporting frameworks like Extent Reports or Allure in Selenium testing.

Reporting frameworks enhance test result visualization, providing detailed reports with logs, screenshots, and statistics for better analysis.

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Q.96 How do you perform load and performance testing using Selenium?

While Selenium is primarily for functional testing, load and performance testing tools like JMeter or Gatling are used for testing application scalability and performance.

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Q.97 How do you capture and validate API responses in Selenium tests?

API responses can be captured using HTTP client libraries, and their data can be validated against expected values in test scripts.

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Q.98 What is the purpose of the "TestNG.xml" configuration file in Selenium?

The TestNG.xml file allows you to configure test suites, test classes, test methods, parallel execution settings, and other test parameters.

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Q.99 How do you parameterize test data using TestNG's "dataProvider" attribute?

The "dataProvider" attribute in TestNG allows you to specify a method that provides test data, enabling data-driven testing.

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Q.100 What are the advantages of using a version control system like Git in Selenium testing?

Version control systems provide collaboration, version history, code management, and rollback capabilities for test scripts and test data.

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Q.101 How do you handle dynamic elements that are generated by JavaScript in Selenium?

Dynamic elements generated by JavaScript can be located using waits, such as ExpectedConditions.visibilityOfElementLocated().

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Q.102 How do you manage test dependencies and ensure test execution order in TestNG?

TestNG provides "dependsOnMethods" and "dependsOnGroups" attributes to specify test method dependencies and control execution order.

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Q.103 What is the purpose of TestNG's "groups" attribute in test methods?

The "groups" attribute in TestNG allows you to categorize test methods, making it easier to select specific groups of tests for execution.

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Q.104 How do you handle AJAX requests and asynchronous behavior in Selenium?

Selenium provides mechanisms like explicit waits and ExpectedConditions to handle AJAX requests and asynchronous actions.

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Q.105 How do you manage test data for parameterized tests in TestNG?

Test data for parameterized tests can be provided through data providers, which are Java methods returning test data as an array or Object[][] array.

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Q.106 How do you handle unexpected alerts and pop-ups in Selenium?

Unexpected alerts and pop-ups can be handled using try-catch blocks and the Alert class to accept, dismiss, or handle them based on conditions.

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Q.107 What is the role of test annotations in TestNG, and how are they used?

Test annotations like @Test, @BeforeMethod, @AfterMethod, @BeforeClass, and @AfterClass are used to define test methods, setup, and teardown actions.

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Q.108 How do you implement a custom reporting framework in Selenium?

Custom reporting frameworks can be developed using libraries like Extent Reports or by creating custom HTML reports with screenshots, logs, and test results.

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Q.109 How do you handle test environment setup and teardown in Selenium testing?

Test environment setup and teardown can be managed using TestNG's @BeforeSuite, @AfterSuite, @BeforeTest, and @AfterTest annotations.

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Q.110 What are the common challenges in Selenium automation testing, and how do you overcome them?

Common challenges include dynamic elements, synchronization, browser compatibility, and test data management. These can be addressed through proper automation strategies, frameworks, and best practices.

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