The respective state governments in India levy the professional tax on income from profession or employment. The professionals earning an income from salary or other practices such as a lawyer, teacher, doctor, chartered accountant, etc. are required to pay professional tax act. In the case of salaried and wage earners, the professional tax is liable to be deducted by the employer from the salary/wages and the same is to be deposited to the state government. In the case of other classes of individuals, this tax is liable to be paid by the employee himself. The tax calculation and amount collected may vary from one state to another, but it has a maximum limit of INR 2500/- per year.
Professional Tax Registration and Returns
Professional Tax Registration is mandatory within 30 days of employing staff in a business or, in the case of professionals, 30 days from the start of the practice. Professional tax needs to be deducted from the salary or wages paid amount. Application for the Registration Certificate should be made to the assessee’s state tax department within 30 days of employing staff for his business.
If an employer has employed more than 20 employees, he is required to make the payment within 15 days from the end of the month. However, if an employer has less than 20 employees, he is required to pay quarterly (i.e. by the 15th of next month from the end of the quarter).
Professional Tax Applicable States across India
Out of the 29 states and 7 union territories, some of the states which currently impose professional tax in India are Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Bihar, Andhra Pradesh, Maharashtra, Assam, Kerala, Telangana, Gujarat, Meghalaya, Odisha, Madhya Pradesh, West Bengal, Tripura and Sikkim. As aforementioned, businesspersons, individual workers and merchants come under this tax’s ambit.
This is levied by the Municipal Corporation/ authority of any state and union territory. It is levied through predetermined tax slabs and is paid on monthly basis. It is payable by private company employees or may also be payable by people who earn salary in general.
The states which impose professional tax in India are listed below:
- Andhra Pradesh
- Assam
- Bihar
- Gujarat
- Jharkhand
- Karnataka
- Kerala
- Madhya Pradesh
- Maharashtra
- Manipur
- Meghalaya
- Mizoram
- Nagaland
- Odisha
- Pondicherry
- Sikkim
- Tamil Nadu
- Telangana
- Tripura
- West Bengal
Not Applicable States
- Central
- Andaman and Nicobar Islands
- Arunachal Pradesh
- Chandigarh
- Chhattisgarh
- Dadra and Nagar Haveli
- Daman and Diu
- Delhi
- Goa
- Haryana
- Himachal Pradesh
- Jammu and Kashmir
- Lakshadweep
- Punjab
- Rajasthan
- Uttar Pradesh
- Uttaranchal
Exemptions
The following individuals are exempted to pay Professional Tax:
- Parents of children with permanent disability or mental disability.
- Members of the forces as defined in the Army Act, 1950, the Air Force Act, 1950 and the Navy Act, 1957 including members of auxiliary forces or reservists, serving in the state.
- Badli workers in the textile industry.
- An individual suffering from a permanent physical disability (including blindness).
- Women exclusively engaged as agent under the Mahila Pradhan Kshetriya Bachat Yojana or Director of Small Savings.
- Parents or guardians of individuals suffering from mental disability.
- Individuals, above 65 years of age.
Professional Tax Deduction
A company’s or a business’s management is responsible for the deduction of professional tax from their employees’ salaries. They are also liable to forward the said collected amount of professional tax to the relevant government authority or department.
Professional Tax Submission
The companies and businesses which come under the ambit of the State Government are liable to pay this Tax. Moreover, this tax shall be submitted by them to the State Government’s treasury through Bank Challan. Employers can also pay this tax at other places designated by concerned authorities for this purpose.
Also, employers should know that if they have more than 20 personnel, then their employees’ professional tax payment should be made within 15 days after the preceding month’s end.
Professional Tax Non-Payment
If you do not pay your professional tax on time and as per schedule, you or the employer shall be subjected to a penalty. Penalty can be as high as 10% of the amount of professional tax. Penalties on late filing of returns also exist and they can go up to Rupees 2,000.
Professional Tax Procedure
Professional Tax deduction as an Income Tax is carried under Section 16 of the Income Tax Act. For salaried employees and wage earners, the professional tax has to be deducted from the employee/wage earner’s salary by their employers and has to be deposited to the state government. However, when it comes to other individuals, the person who classifies as a professional holds the responsibility for the submission of his professional tax to the state government. This tax is mostly collected by the state governments, however, sometimes this tax is also collected by the Panchayats or the local bodies of a state. In case, a Panchayat plans to collect Professional Tax, it should be an active entity under the state government’s purview.
Examples of Professional Tax in Different States
Maharashtra Professional Tax: The Professional Tax slabs for salaried and wage earning individuals in this western Indian state are as follows:
- If your salary is less than Rupees 7,500 per month, then you don’t have to pay any Professional Tax in the state of Maharashtra.
- If your salary is greater than Rupees 7,500 per month and less than or equal to Rupees 10,000, then the amount payable in Maharashtra under the Professional Tax slab is Rupees 175 per month.
- If your salary is greater than Rupees 10,000 then the amount payable in Maharashtra under the Professional Tax slab is Rupees 300 for February and Rupees 200 for all months except February.
You shall also note that the interest charged for late payment of Maharashtra State Professional Tax is 1.25% per month and the state authority is also free to impose a penalty on the defaulter. The penalty can be to the tune of 10% on the total tax due.
Karnataka Professional Tax: Professional Tax under Karnataka state for salaried employees and wage earners follows the below-mentioned rules:
- If the monthly salary of a salaried individual or a wage earner is less than Rupees 15,000 then he/she doesn’t have to pay any professional tax to the state of Karnataka.
- However, if the monthly salary of a salaried individual or a wage earner is more than Rupees 15,000 and more, the individual will have to pay Rupees 200 per month to the Karnataka state.
Again, for late payment of Professional Tax in Karnataka, 1.25% interest will be charged and a 50% penalty on total amount due can be charged.
