As discussed above, CSR is not a new concept in India. Ever since their inception, corporates like the Tata Group, the Aditya Birla Group, and Indian Oil Corporation, to name a few, have been involved in serving the community. Through donations and charity events, many other organizations have been doing their part for the society. The basic objective of CSR in these days is to maximize the company’s overall impact on the society and stakeholders. CSR policies, practices and programs are being comprehensively integrated by an increasing number of companies throughout their business operations and processes. A growing number of corporates feel that CSR is not just another form of indirect expense but is important for protecting the goodwill and reputation, defending attacks and increasing business competitiveness.
Companies have specialized CSR teams that formulate policies, strategies and goals for their CSR programs and set aside budgets to fund them. These programs are often determined by social philosophy which have clear objectives and are well defined and are aligned with the mainstream business. The programs are put into practice by the employees who are crucial to this process. CSR programs ranges from community development to development in education, environment and healthcare etc.
For example, a more comprehensive method of development is adopted by some corporations such as Bharat Petroleum Corporation Limited, Maruti Suzuki India Limited, and Hindustan Unilever Limited. Provision of improved medical and sanitation facilities, building schools and houses, and empowering the villagers and in process making them more self-reliant by providing vocational training and a knowledge of business operations are the facilities that these corporations focus on. Many of the companies are helping other peoples by providing them good standard of living.
On the other hand, the CSR programs of corporations like GlaxoSmithKline Pharmaceuticals ‘focus on the health aspect of the community. They set up health camps in tribal villages which offer medical check-ups and treatment and undertake health awareness programs. Some of the non-profit organizations which carry out health and education programs in backward areas are to a certain extent funded by such corporations.
Also Corporates increasingly join hands with Non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and use their expertise in devising programs which address wider social problems.
For example, a lot of work is being undertaken to rebuild the lives of the tsunami affected victims. This is exclusively undertaken by SAP India in partnership with Hope Foundation, an NGO that focuses mainly on bringing about improvement in the lives of the poor and needy. The SAP Labs Center of HOPE in Bangalore was started by this venture which looks after the food, clothing, shelter and medical care of street children.
CSR has gone through many phases in India. The ability to make a significant difference in the society and improve the overall quality of life has clearly been proven by the corporates. Not one but all corporates should try and bring about a change in the current social situation in India in order to have an effective and lasting solution to the social woes. Partnerships between companies, NGOs and the government should be facilitated so that a combination of their skills such as expertise, strategic thinking, manpower and money to initiate extensive social change will put the socio-economic development of India on a fast track.
In the current scenario in India, the new companies act amended in December 2012 mandates the corporate to spend 2% of their average net profits of the last three financial years towards CSR. This is applicable for companies with a turnover of 1000 Cr/ Profit after Tax (PAT) of 5 Cr/ or net worth of 500 cr. The new bill replaces the Companies act 1956 and emphasizes carrying forward the agenda of Corporate Social Responsibility. On the other hand it is mandatory for Central Public Sector Enterprises to allocate 2-3% of the PAT for the inclusive development of a backward district. (CSR and Sustainability guidelines by Department of Public Enterprises 2013). In which one key project has to be in CSR and the other in Sustainability for the development of the disadvantaged and marginalized communities. Thus the country is at the verge of beginning an interesting stakeholder relationship through Corporate Social Responsibility programs. Which would arise into inclusive and equitable growth and benefit the needy and the underprivileged across the country.
Indian companies are now expected to discharge their stakeholder responsibilities and societal obligations, along with their shareholder-wealth maximisation goal. Nearly all leading corporate in India are involved in CSR programmes in areas like education, health, livelihood creation, skill development, and empowerment of weaker sections of the society. Notable efforts have come from the Tata Group, Infosys, Bharti Enterprises, ITC Welcome group, Indian Oil Corporation among others. India has been named among the top ten Asian countries paying increasing importance towards CSR disclosure norms.
Although corporate India is involved in CSR activities, the central government is working on a framework for quantifying the CSR initiatives of companies to promote them further. Indian government has developed a system of CSR credits to attract companies towards CSR work, similar to the system of carbon credits which are given to companies for green initiatives. The Department of Public Enterprises (DPE) has prepared guidelines for central public sector enterprises to take up important corporate social responsibility projects for this, it has set up a global platform to showcase all the work done by Indian firms. Confederation of Indian Industry (CII) and the TVS Group collaborated to form the CII-TVS Centre of Excellence for Responsive Corporate Citizenship in 2007. It provides consultancy services and technical assistance on social development and CSR.
CSR – Corporate Examples in India
- IT companies like TCS and Wipro have developed software to help teachers and children in schools across India to further the cause of education.
- Aptech Limited, a leading education player with a global presence, has played an extensive and sustained role in encouraging and fostering education throughout the country since inception. As a global player with complete solutions-providing capability, Aptech has history of participating in community activities. It has, in association with leading NGOs, provided computers at schools, education to the under privileged and conducted training and awareness-camps. Aptech students donated part of the proceeds from the sale of their art work to NGOs. To propagate education among all sections of the society throughout the country, especially the underprivileged, Aptech fosters tie-ups with leading NGOs throughout the country, including Barrackpur-based NGO, Udayan, a residential school for children of leprosy patients in Barrackpur, established in1970.The company strongly believes that education is an integral part of the country’s social fabric and works towards supporting basic education and basic computer literacy amongst the underprivileged children in India.
- Infosys Foundation, the philanthropic arm of Infosys Technologies Ltd., came into existence on 4thDecember 1996 with the objective of fulfilling the social responsibility of the company by supporting and encouraging the underprivileged sections of society. The Foundation has undertaken various initiatives in providing medical facilities to remote rural areas, organizing novel pension schemes and in aiding orphans and street children. It has undertaken a large rural education program titled “A library for every school “under which 5500 libraries have been set up in government schools spread across many villages.
- The Tata Memorial Centre is not India’s best cancer hospital. It is a global centre of excellence where 70 per cent of patients get free primary care. About10 to 12 million people the world over suffer from cancer. Almost 52 per cent of them are from developing countries. In India 800,000 are diagnosed with this dreaded disease every day.
