Class and object variables
In Python, class variables and instance variables are two types of variables that can be defined in a class.
Class variables are variables that are shared by all instances of a class. They are defined inside the class definition, but outside of any methods. Here’s an example:
pythonCopy codeclass MyClass:
class_var = 0
In this example, class_var is a class variable that is set to 0. This variable is shared by all instances of the MyClass class.
To access a class variable, we can use either the class name or an instance of the class:
pythonCopy codeprint(MyClass.class_var) # prints 0
obj = MyClass()
print(obj.class_var) # prints 0
Instance variables, on the other hand, are variables that are unique to each instance of a class. They are defined inside the __init__() method of the class. Here’s an example:
pythonCopy codeclass MyClass:
def __init__(self, instance_var):
self.instance_var = instance_var
In this example, instance_var is an instance variable that is initialized with the instance_var argument passed to the __init__() method.
To access an instance variable, we need an instance of the class:
pythonCopy codeobj = MyClass(42)
print(obj.instance_var) # prints 42
Each instance of the MyClass class has its own instance_var variable with its own value.
Overall, class variables and instance variables allow us to define variables in a class that can be shared or unique to each instance of the class.
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