Attack types and countermeasures in C/C++
C and C++ are popular programming languages, but they are also known for their vulnerabilities to various types of security attacks. Here are some common types of attacks on C/C++ code and the corresponding countermeasures:
Buffer Overflow Attacks: These attacks involve overwriting the memory buffer beyond its intended limit, which can result in the execution of arbitrary code. Countermeasures include using safe coding practices, such as using bounds checking and memory management functions like strncpy() and malloc().
Format String Attacks: These attacks occur when an attacker takes advantage of a format string vulnerability in the code to execute arbitrary code or read sensitive data. Countermeasures include validating user input, avoiding the use of untrusted format strings, and using printf() with specific format strings to prevent buffer overflows.
Integer Overflow Attacks: These attacks involve exploiting a vulnerability in the code that allows an attacker to manipulate an integer value and cause it to overflow, resulting in unexpected behavior. Countermeasures include validating user input, using data types with appropriate sizes, and using integer overflow detection libraries.
SQL Injection Attacks: These attacks occur when an attacker exploits vulnerabilities in the code that allow untrusted user input to be used in SQL statements. Countermeasures include using prepared statements and stored procedures, input validation, and using parameterized queries.
Cross-site Scripting (XSS) Attacks: These attacks involve inserting malicious code into a website, which is then executed on the user’s browser. Countermeasures include input validation, using sanitization libraries, and using security mechanisms such as Content Security Policy (CSP) to prevent XSS attacks.
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