CVS

Here we are going to list down the frequently most asked CVS Interview Questions for professionals. The questions are created and submitted by professionals to help you to ace the job interview.

Q.1 Tell us the 3 types of version control.

Centralized Version Control Systems. Local Version Control Systems. Distributed Version Control Systems.

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Q.2 At CVS Pharmacy we believe in preparing our employees for management positions as they show potential. Are you excited about potential administration roles with us?

I would be really excited about getting a position in leadership within CVS Pharmacy in the prospect. I'm positive that you'll find that my stimulating work and consideration of detail will deliver me well-suited for a leadership role in the future as you feel I'm ready.

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Q.3 Explain the key characteristic of version control.

Version control allows us to maintain modifications to files over time and save these changes in a database. Also known as source control, we can practice version control to version code, digital assets, and binary files. This involves version control systems, version control software, or version control tools.

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Q.4 What is CVS in Linux?

(Concurrent Versions System) CVS command in Linux is utilized to save the history of a file. Whenever a file gets corrupted or anything goes wrong “CVS” helps us to get back to the previous version and restore our file.

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Q.5 What are the fundamental jobs of Git?

We can change a file from the working directory. We can supplement these files to the stage area. We can perform a commit operation that transfers the files from the staging area.

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Q.6 How can CVS Pharmacy motivate you on the job?

I am motivated by words of praise and recognition for a job well done. I like to understand that my efforts are acknowledged.

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Q.7 How do you update my sandbox?

From Setup, enter Sandboxes in the Quick Find box, then select Sandboxes. A list of your sandboxes displays. Sandboxes that you can refresh have a Refresh link next to their name. Next to the name, click Refresh.

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Q.8 How often can Sandboxes be refreshed?

Developer Sandboxes can be refreshed once per day, and have a data and file storage limit of 200mb each.

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Q.9 Explain CVS Computing.

Concurrent Versions System is a revision control system originally developed by Dick Grune in July 1986. It works as a front end to RCS, an initial system that operates on single files.

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Q.10 What is a partial copy sandbox?

A Partial Copy Sandbox copies the configuration and some of the data, so we can test new configurations with the own real data. Unlike a Full Sandbox, which depicts all of the data and is a comprehensive clone of the production organization, a Partial Copy Sandbox only copies a selection of the data.

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Q.11 What are the CVS repository and its functions?

The CVS repository saves a full copy of all the files and directories which are under version control. Usually, we never reach any of the files in the repository instantly. Instead, we use CVS commands to get our own copy of the files into a working directory and then work on that copy.

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Q.12 Is CVS still practiced?

RCS had the built-in notion of tags while SCCS asked you to track tags yourself. And SCCS was much more satisfying than not utilizing a source repository at all. The truth is that CVS has been reinstated by Subversion, since Subversion came out over a decade ago, all work on CVS has ground to a halt.

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Q.13 What is WinCvs utilized for?

WinCvs may be practiced for viewing the status, logs, diffs, etc, of files and directories.

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Q.14 How do you build a tag on CVS?

Tag names should start with a letter and can include hyphens (-), alphanumeric characters, and underscores (_). Each tag should be uncommon within the tagged file. We can tag files with the CVS tag and CVS rtag commands.

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Q.15 What are various branching strategies?

Release Branching. Feature Branching. Story or Task Branching. Trunk-based Development (No Branching). Minimal Continuous Integration. Manual Code Review and Merge. Continuous Integration Pipeline with Quality Gates.

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Q.16 How do you find the CVS repository?

CVS Repositories view displays the repository locations attached to the LyciaStudio. To increase the repository tree, click the pointer close to the repository location: The repository tree incorporates the main trunk (HEAD) and branches. When we expand the branch, we see the folders and files it contains.

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Q.17 What is the most useful practice for branching?

Practice the standard Source Control folder structure correctly. Know the procedure used in your project. Try to reduce the number of branches. Do merges frequently. Think about the impact of the choice of the repository.

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Q.18 What is the application of the SVN repository?

SVN repository is a set of directories and files. These files and directories are bundled concurrently in a particular database. Also, SVN records the whole history of all the changes that have ever been done to these files.

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Q.19 Does CVS tag items?

CVS allows us to recover any checked-in revision of a file. A tag can check a particular revision of a single file or a particular set of revisions of a group of files- in essence, naming the string. The tag then gives us a comfortable way to recover that revision or coordinated set of revisions.

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Q.20 What is a git branching approach?

Git branching procedures allow a codebase to evolve naturally in a consistent way. A branching policy is a convention, or an assemblage of rules, that defines when branches are formed, defining guidelines for branches, what work branches should have, and so on.

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Q.21 Is GitHub CVS?

GitHub is not open-source. The repository is invested in the central server. The repository is committed to the regional repository. CVS has a feature to clone the repository but needs GIT.

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Q.22 What is a repository Interface?

An interface describes the repository with all relevant read and writes operations for a particular entity.

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Q.23 What are the essential troubleshooting techniques?

Troubleshooting follows a systematic, four-step method; identify the problem, design a response, examine the solution, and determine the problem.

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Q.24 Explain a repository in spring boot.

The repository is a Spring annotation that means that the enhanced class is a repository. A repository is a device for encapsulating area and search behavior that emulates a compilation of objects.

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Q.25 What is the difference between CVS and SVN?

The main distinction between CVS and SVN is that the CVS is a free, client-server-based version controlling operation while SVN is an excellent and newer software version controlling system than CVS. CVS and SVN are two such version control systems employed in software development.

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Q.26 Define a crud repository.

Crud Repository is the base interface and acts as a marker interface.

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Q.27 What is a remote repository?

A remote repository in Git, also known as a remote, is a Git repository that's hosted on the Internet or network.

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Q.28 How does Spring data Repository Work?

The purpose of the Spring Data repository concept is to significantly decrease the measure of boilerplate code needed to perform data access layers for several persistence stores.

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Q.29 What is CVS (Concurrent Versions System)?

CVS is a version control system used for tracking changes in source code and coordinating collaborative software development.

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Q.30 What are the primary benefits of using CVS?

CVS helps manage and track changes, facilitates collaboration among developers, and provides version history.

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Q.31 How does CVS handle version control?

CVS maintains a central repository of files and tracks changes through a system of revisions and branches.

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Q.32 What is a CVS repository?

A CVS repository is a central database that stores all versions of files, history, and metadata for a project.

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Q.33 Explain the concept of "check-out" in CVS.

Checking out a file from the CVS repository means copying it to your local workspace, allowing you to work on it.

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Q.34 What is a "commit" in CVS, and why is it important?

Committing is the process of saving your changes back to the CVS repository, making them available to other developers.

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Q.35 What is a "revision" in CVS?

A revision in CVS represents a specific version of a file, identified by a unique revision number.

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Q.36 How does CVS handle branching and merging?

CVS allows developers to create branches to work on separate features or fixes and merge changes between branches when needed.

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Q.37 What is the purpose of a CVS "tag"?

Tags in CVS are used to label specific revisions or snapshots of code for easy reference and retrieval.

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Q.38 Explain the concept of a "conflict" in CVS.

A conflict occurs when CVS cannot automatically merge changes from multiple developers and requires manual resolution.

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Q.39 What is "CVSROOT," and why is it important?

CVSROOT is an environment variable that points to the location of the CVS repository. It's crucial for configuring CVS.

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Q.40 How can you create a new CVS repository?

To create a new CVS repository, you need to set up a CVS server and initialize it with the desired project files.

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Q.41 What is the purpose of a "CVS client"?

A CVS client is a software tool that allows developers to interact with a CVS server, check out code, and perform version control tasks.

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Q.42 How can you check the status of files in your local workspace?

Use the "cvs status" command to check the status of files, showing if they have been modified or need to be committed.

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Q.43 What is the "cvs add" command used for?

The "cvs add" command is used to add new files to the CVS repository, making them part of the version control system.

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Q.44 How do you remove files from CVS control?

You can use the "cvs remove" command to remove files from CVS control, but they will still exist in the repository's history.

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Q.45 What is the "cvs diff" command used for?

The "cvs diff" command shows the differences between your local version of a file and the one in the repository.

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Q.46 Explain the "cvs update" command in CVS.

The "cvs update" command syncs your local workspace with changes made in the repository, updating files accordingly.

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Q.47 How can you create a branch in CVS?

To create a branch, use the "cvs tag" command to label a specific revision as a branch point, then work on the branch.

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Q.48 What is the "cvs log" command used for?

The "cvs log" command displays the revision history and log messages associated with a file or project in CVS.

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Q.49 How can you merge changes from one branch to another in CVS?

Use the "cvs update" command with the "-j" option to merge changes from one branch to another, specifying the revision range.

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Q.50 What is the "cvs import" command used for?

The "cvs import" command is used to add an entire project or directory structure to the CVS repository for version control.

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Q.51 How do you create a tag for a specific revision in CVS?

Use the "cvs tag" command followed by the tag name and the file or project name to create a tag for a specific revision.

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Q.52 What is the "cvs checkout" command used for?

The "cvs checkout" command is used to check out a copy of a file or project from the CVS repository to your local workspace.

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Q.53 How can you revert to a specific revision in CVS?

You can use the "cvs update" command with the "-r" option followed by the revision number to revert to a specific revision.

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Q.54 Explain the concept of "cvsignore" in CVS.

The ".cvsignore" file is used to specify files and directories that should be ignored by CVS, such as temporary files.

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Q.55 What is the purpose of the "cvs admin" command in CVS?

The "cvs admin" command allows you to set administrative options for files and projects, such as enabling binary mode.

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Q.56 How do you configure authentication in CVS?

Authentication can be configured by setting up user accounts, passwords, and access control in the CVS server's configuration files.

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Q.57 What is the role of "commit messages" in CVS?

Commit messages provide a description of the changes made in a commit, helping other developers understand the purpose of the changes.

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Q.58 How can you view the differences between two tags in CVS?

Use the "cvs rdiff" command followed by the two tag names and the project name to view differences between two tags.

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Q.59 What is the "cvs export" command used for?

The "cvs export" command creates a clean copy of a project from the CVS repository, excluding CVS administrative files.

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Q.60 How do you recover from a CVS repository corruption?

Recovery involves restoring a backup of the repository or repairing corrupted files using CVS tools and commands.

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Q.61 Explain the concept of "reserved checkouts" in CVS.

Reserved checkouts prevent multiple developers from modifying the same file simultaneously, ensuring exclusive access.

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Q.62 How can we access CVS server?

We can set our CVSROOT on a remote machine in the following manner -
For instance let tom access my cvs
export CVSROOT=:pserver:tom@mynode.ca:/home/jiansen/cvs
cvs login
Here password is the same as system password. Such that we can setup specific password for cvs.

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Q.63 How can you view the history of changes for a specific file?

Use the "cvs log" command followed by the file name to view the history of changes for that file in the CVS repository.

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Q.64 Differentiate between CVS and SVN?

We can define Concurrent Versions System ( CVS) as a free software revision control system, a program that is open for use to the public which manages changes to documents, programs, and other information stored in computer files. It permits multiple developers to collaborate.

On the other hand Subversion (SVN) is a version control system which is used to maintain the current and preceding versions of files. SVN is a direct upgrade of CVS and most compatible successor. SVN is an open source technology and has been widely used in multiple projects like Apache Software Foundation, Free Pascal, MediaWiki, and Google code.
Some of the key points of difference are -
1. CVS permits 0multiple users to collaborate on the same project where Subversion maintains the current and preceding versions of files.
2. CVS allows users to check in on the same project and modify it where Subversion commits as true atomic operations.
3. CVS can maintain different branches of a project where Subversion uses parsable output.

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Q.65 What is the role of "CVS hooks" in the repository?

CVS hooks are scripts or programs that can be triggered by specific events in the repository, such as commits or updates.

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Q.66 How do you describe a CVS?

Concurrent Versions System (CVS) is a defined program that allows a code developer to save and retrieve different development versions of source code . CVS also permits a team of developers share control of different versions of files in a common repository of files, such kind of program is also referred as a version control system.

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Q.67 How do you handle conflicts when merging changes in CVS?

Conflicts can be resolved by manually editing the conflicting files, removing conflict markers, and committing the changes.

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Q.68 What is the purpose of CVS?

In general, CVS is used to keep track of each developer's work individually in a separate working directory. Therefore when required the work of a team of developers can be merged in a common repository. Such that changes from individual team members can be added to the repository through a "commit" command.

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Q.69 What is the significance of "branch tags" in CVS?

Branch tags are labels used to identify specific branches in CVS, making it easier to manage and merge changes between them.

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Q.70 How do you define NFS?

NFS is abbreviated for Network File System. The network file system enables file systems physically residing on one computer system to be used by other computers in the network, appearing to users on the remote host as just another local disk.

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Q.71 How can you create a branch for a specific file in CVS?

Use the "cvs tag" command with the "-b" option followed by the branch name and the file name to create a branch for that file.

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Q.72 What are the advantage of a hash table?

The primary advantages of a hash table is to speed the process. Since the primary purpose of the hash function is to take a range of key values and transform them into index values in a way that the key values are distributed randomly across all the indices of a hash table.

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Q.73 What is the "cvs release" command used for?

The "cvs release" command is used to release a reserved checkout, allowing other developers to work on the file.

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Q.74 What are the techniques used to handle the collisions in hash tables?

The primary techniques used to handle the collisions are - 'open addressing' and 'separate chaining'.
1. Open addressing - The data items that hash to a full array cell are placed in another cell in the array.
2. Separate chaining ,- Each array element consist of a linked list. All data items hashing to a given array index are inserted in that list.

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Q.75 How do you handle binary files in CVS?

Binary files are handled differently in CVS, as they should not be merged automatically. Use the "cvs admin" command to set binary mode.

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Q.76 What will happen if the CVS Server check in operation succeeds?

In case the check in operation succeeds, then the version numbers of all files involved automatically increment, and the CVS-server writes a user-supplied description line, the date and the author's name to its log files. Also CVS can run external, user-specified log processing scripts after each commit. Such that these scripts are installed by an entry in CVS's loginfo file, that can trigger email notification or convert the log data into a Web-based format.

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Q.77 What is the purpose of the "cvs annotate" command in CVS?

The "cvs annotate" command shows who made each change to a file, along with the corresponding revision numbers.

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Q.78 How do you define Revision Control System (RCS)?

Generally, CVS uses another program, referred as Revision Control System (RCS), to perform the actual revision management for keeping the record of changes that goes with each source code file.

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Q.79 How can you list all available tags in a CVS repository?

Use the "cvs rtags" command followed by the project name to list all available tags in the CVS repository.

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Q.80 Explain the functioning of CVS?

Primarily, CVS works by maintaining a single copy and a record of all the changes, rather than keeping track of multiple copies of source code files. Such that when a developer specifies a particular version, then CVS can reconstruct that version from the recorded changes.

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Q.81 What is the role of "commit access control" in CVS?

Commit access control restricts who can commit changes to the CVS repository, ensuring code quality and security.

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Q.82 What are the messages related to .ds_store files and how to handle them?

In case you are using MacOS X, then CVS may give you messages about ".DS_Store" files. These messages are used to keep track of window layouts, etc. In order to suppress these messages, we just need to create a file in the home directory referred as ".cvsignore" and add a line of ".DS_Store" to it (no quotes). CVS will then start ignoring all .DS_Store files in all of your checked-out directory trees.

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Q.83 How can you view the differences between two revisions of a file in CVS?

Use the "cvs diff" command followed by the "-r" option and the two revision numbers to compare two revisions.

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Q.84 How do I update an existing copy of the source to the current version?

As the common code changes, you might want to update your copy to contain the lastest version. To do that, use: cvs -q update Any changes will be merged into the files on your disk, and you should then be up-to-date with your own changes still present. The "-q" option removes a lot of informational messages as CVS enters the various directories in the project; the command still works if you omit it, but it will be harder to see any real error messages.

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Q.85 How can you remove a tag from a file or project in CVS?

Tags can be removed using the "cvs tag -d" command followed by the tag name and the file or project name.

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Q.86 What will you do to bring my copy of the JMRI code up to date?

Often people contribute updates to the JMRI code nearly every week. Such that the local copy does not get these changes until we ask for them, so that you have got something stable to work with. Therefore if you have an existing copy of the code and want to update it to the most recent contents of CVS, the CVS command is - cvs -d:pserver:anonymous@jmri.cvs.sourceforge.net:/cvsroot/jmri -q update -dA

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Q.87 What is the purpose of the "cvs unedit" command in CVS?

The "cvs unedit" command cancels a reserved checkout, reverting the file to its state in the repository.

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Q.88 Explain how CVS work?

CVS works not only by keeping track of multiple copies of source code files, but by maintaining a single copy and a record of all the changes. When a developer specifies a particular version, CVS can reconstruct that version from the recorded changes.

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Q.89 How can you find which files have been modified in your local workspace?

Use the "cvs -nq update" command to display a list of modified files in your local workspace without actually updating them.

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Q.90 Explain the process to add new files or directories?

The process to add new files or directories are -
1. Create the file or directory in your working directory.
2. Then, type the command:
cvs add -m ”description of the file” filename
3. Then, type the command:
cvs commit

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Q.91 What is the significance of "sticky tags" in CVS?

Sticky tags are tags applied to files or directories in your local workspace, allowing you to work on specific revisions.

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Q.92 Give the steps to delete files or directories?

Some of the steps to delete files or directories are -
1. Delete the file or directory in your working directory.
2. Then, type the command:
cvs remove filename
3. Then, type the command:
cvs commit
4. Then, enter a comment.

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Q.93 How do you create a new directory in a CVS repository?

You can create a new directory by adding it to your local workspace and using the "cvs add" command to add it to the repository.

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Q.94 What steps would you take to view log entries?

Command cvs log filename displays a lot of information about the file, like when it was changed and which comment was entered during the commit.

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Q.95 What is the "cvs ci" command used for in CVS?

The "cvs ci" command is an alias for "cvs commit" and is used to commit changes to the CVS repository.

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Q.96 How will you check out a working copy?

In order to check out a working copy following steps needs to be followed are -
Please create a local directory in your home account for the cvs repository -
mkdir Whitepaper
cd Whitepaper
cvs checkout
After executing these commands, you will see all the working copies of the files administrated by
CVS in your Whitepaper directory.

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Q.97 How can you view the list of branches for a specific file in CVS?

Use the "cvs rlog" command followed by the file name to view the list of branches associated with that file.

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Q.98 What is the "cvs remove" command used for in CVS?

The "cvs remove" command marks files or directories for removal from the CVS repository in the next commit.

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Q.99 How do you handle conflicts when merging changes in CVS?

Conflicts can be resolved by manually editing the conflicting files, removing conflict markers, and committing the changes.

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Q.100 What is the purpose of "keyword expansion" in CVS?

Keyword expansion in CVS allows for the inclusion of dynamic information, such as revision numbers and timestamps, in source code files.

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Q.101 How can you configure a global CVS ignore list?

Create or modify the ".cvsignore" file in your home directory to specify patterns for files and directories to be ignored globally.

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Q.102 What is the role of "cvs export" in deploying code?

The "cvs export" command creates a clean copy of the code for deployment, excluding CVS administrative files and directories.

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Q.103 How do you handle a situation where you accidentally commit sensitive information to CVS?

You can remove the sensitive information from the repository using the "cvs admin" command and then commit the changes.

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Q.104 What is the "cvs history" command used for in CVS?

The "cvs history" command displays a summary of changes made to files and projects in the CVS repository.

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Q.105 How can you view the contents of a specific revision of a file in CVS?

Use the "cvs checkout" command with the "-r" option followed by the desired revision number to view the file's contents.

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Q.106 What is the purpose of the "cvs diff -u" command in CVS?

The "cvs diff -u" command generates a unified diff, which is a more human-readable format for viewing code changes between revisions.

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Q.107 How can you find out who made specific changes to a file in CVS?

Use the "cvs annotate" command followed by the file name to see who made specific changes to the file and the associated revision numbers.

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Q.108 What is the role of "CVS locks" in concurrent development?

CVS locks are used to prevent multiple developers from editing the same file simultaneously, ensuring data integrity.

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Q.109 How do we do version control?

Employ a detailed commit message. Make every commit a logical unit. Avoid random commits. Include others' changes frequently. Agree with your co-workers. Recognize that the tools are line-based. Don't commit generated files.

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Q.110 What is CVS practiced for?

(Concurrent Versions System) CVS is an open-source device utilized for accomplishing versions of files. We can put any type of file under CVS control. Version control is the capability to trace changes in a file over time.

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