To test restful web services using soapui -

Testing restful web services using SoapUI involves creating test cases after which, following steps can be taken

To test asmx web service in soapui -

ASMX enables Simple Object Access Protocol or SOAP, based messaging facility to web services. WSDL files are the core files needed for testing SOAP-based web services. Hence, SoapUI makes use of WSDL files for test requests, mock services and assertions generation. Steps to test asmx web service in soapui which needs WSDL, are

• In SoapUI, click the option Create SOAP Project or create a new one as File > New SOAP Project
• Mention the URL in the Initial WSDL field, in the dialog box which appears
• Leave the default settings and click OK
  
  

To test sap web service using soapui -

Steps to test sap web service using soapui , needs WSDL, and steps are

• In SoapUI, click the option Create SOAP Project or create a new one as File > New SOAP Project
• Mention the URL in the Initial WSDL field, in the dialog box which appears
• Leave the default settings and click OK
  
  

To test wcf rest service using soapui -

WCF provides facility of asynchronous messages transfer between service endpoints for a continuously available service on IIS web server, or just a service in an application. Windows Communication Foundation (WCF) is the foundational framework which provides service creation with a web endpoint for sending data by XML or JSON, without any SOAP envelope.

Steps to test wcf rest service using soapui

• create a new project by File -> New soapui Project . Provide details in the dialog and remember to add the ?wsdl
• After clicking Ok; a new soapui project is made.
• Next execute the same request as the WCF Test Client did
  
  

To use soapui for api testing -

SoapUI software provides the facility to test SOAP and REST web services.

Testing restful web services using SoapUI involves creating test cases after which, following steps can be taken

• Next you need to REST Request TestStep needs to be added wither to a new or existing TestCase by
  
  • press “Add to TestCase” button (located on top left of message editor) or
  • press the “Add to TestCase” action from the Request Popup Menu.
    
• Next you need to add Assertions so that  the response message can be validated
  

To use soapui for web services testing -

Web Service is a service available on a network, that will allow other systems to communicate with it, using a defined protocol.

Testing restful web services using SoapUI involves creating test cases after which, following steps can be taken

• Next you need to REST Request TestStep needs to be added wither to a new or existing TestCase by
  
  • press “Add to TestCase” button (located on top left of message editor) or
  • press the “Add to TestCase” action from the Request Popup Menu.
    
• Next you need to add Assertions so that  the response message can be validated
  

To write test scripts in soapui -

SoapUI provides extensive options for scripting, using either Groovy or Javascript (since SoapUI 3.0) as its scripting language, which to use is set at the project level in the project details tab at the bottom left.

To automate test cases in soapui, use scripting. SoapUI makes use of scripts as

• By Groovy Script TestStep in a TestCase
• Pre or post execution of TestCase or TestSuite for doing repetitive tasks like initialization or memory clean up.
• Initialization or stopping of a MockService for initialization or memory clean up
• Project opening or closing
• And many other related repetitive tasks

SoapUI Pro provides scripting support with single click capability addition for REST and SOAP tests.

To create test suite in soapui -

• either from project popup menu ("New TestSuite") or
• with specific button on top of the list of TestSuites
  
  

Following options are present in SoapUI to import test suite in soapui –

• In File Menu - Import Project option - Adds an existing project into this workspace
• In File Menu  - Import Remote Project option - Imports a remote project into this workspace
• In File Menu - Import Preferences option - Imports soapUI settings from another settings -file
• In Icons Toolbar - Import option - Imports an existing soapUI project into the current workspace
  
  

To run multiple test cases in soapui, options are as -

Option 1 - skip the -c argument to execute all test cases in the suite

-c: Specifies the test case to be run.

Option 2 - run testrunner.bat as a separate command for each test case

testrunner.bat -sTESTSUITE -cTESTCASE2

To automate rest web services using soapui, steps are as

SOAPUI tool - testunner.sh/bat, is used for suites and test cases execution and report generation. Open testrunner dialog in your project and then select Launch TestRunner by right click menu.

After which, configure TestRunner path in Basic tab and the outputs in Reports tab, the next step click on Launch button and the tests will be executed by testrunner.

Next, integrate your project with jenkins, by an xml file (build.xml) that will be used in an ant call.

Lastly, create a job in jenkins, providing the Name and Description for the project.

To generate html report using soapui free version -

SoapUI supports output of basic HTML reports by the Command Line.

JUnit-Style HTML Report can be generated by selecting  JUnit-Style HTML Report option in report format drop-down in SoapUI.

If you need a detailed HTML report, enabvle a checkbox for Junit style report which output an XML report which can be used along with XSLT for conversion to HTML.

The difference between soapui and postman -

SoapUI – Can test REST and SOAP APIs. It is built for API testing. Java based API testing tool

Postman - It is a Google Chrome plugin. used for API testing. Can test web services.

To read data from excel using groovy script in soapui -

DataSource and DataSource Loop functionality is not available in free version of soap ui.

You can use Ready API licensed version for these functionalities.

Another method to read data from excel using groovy script in soapui –

- import a library to SOAPUI for managing excel file - JXL.jar and it can be downloaded from - http://sourceforge.net/projects/jexcelapi/files/jexcelapi/2.6.12/jexcelapi_2_6_12.zip/download

- Unzip the JAR file, and copy JXL.jar to SOAPUI installation folder

To save request and response in soapui using groovy -

A groovy event handler does saving request and response by a script below which records the request and response for each test step. The event handler is 'TestRunListener.AfterStep'

The script is as

def pName = context.currentStep.testCase.testSuite.project.name //get project name

def pDate = new Date().format( 'yyyyMMdd' )//get current date

def sDate = pDate.toString()//convert date to string

def pTestSuite = context.currentStep.testCase.testSuite.name//get TestSuite name

def pTestCase = context.currentStep.testCase.name//get TestCase name

def filePath = 'C:/SoapUI Projects/TS0.1/TestEvidence/'+pName+'_'+sDate+'/'+pTestSuite+'/'+pTestCase+'/'//compose the folder path

File file = new File(filePath)

if (!file.exists()) file.mkdirs()//create the destination folder

fos = new FileOutputStream(filePath+ testStepResult.testStep.label + '.txt', true)

pw = new PrintWriter( fos )

testStepResult.writeTo( pw )

pw.close()

fos.close()

To set property value in soapui using groovy script -

Right-click on the Test steps node

Click the Add Step option and Properties option from context menu

Enter the property name as desired and click OK

In the properties screen, click  properties with groovy Script(1)  icon to add property

Enter your desired property name and click OK button.

Type any default value for the property if you wish.

After which, Groovy Script test step is to be added next to property step.

option 1 - In Grrovy code, puts the name of the testCase being ran by Run Test Case (The one it directs to) into a testCase level property variable in it.

testRunner.testCase.setPropertyValue("Here",testRunner.testCase.getName());

option 2 - ${=testRunner.testCase.name}

To debug groovy script in soapui -

Option 1 -

To enable the debugger when you run ReadyAPI via shell script (.bat or .sh file), use the groovy parameter:

readyapi.bat groovy

Option 2 -

If you want to make the debugger enabled by default, do the following in Windows:

    Open the vmoptions file.

    Add the following line:

    -agentlib:jdwp=transport=dt_shmem,suspend=n,server=y

    Save the file.

Requirements for debugging -

SoapUI Pro license is needed for Groovy script debugging

    You can debug scripts only in the SoapUI Groovy Script test step. Debugging of event handler scripts, setup, teardown and report scripts, Script assertions, data source and data sink scripts, and virtual service scripts is not supported.

Only Groovy scripts can be debugged.

    Only a single script is debugged at a time.

    For binary package installations only: Unlike the ReadyAPI installation package, the binary package does not include the required Java files. ReadyAPI uses the tools.jar and attach.dll files from Java JDK for debugging. These files are not included in the default JRE installation, and you cannot run the debugger without it. To enable Groovy debugging in a binary installation:

        Install JDK locally or on a different computer you have access to.

        Get the tools.jar file from a Java JDK. This file is located in the <JDK installation folder>\lib folder. Copy this file to the <ReadyAPI installation folder>\lib folder.

        Get the attach.dll file from a Java JDK. This file is located in the <JDK installation folder>\jre\bin folder. Copy this file to the <ReadyAPI installation folder>\bin folder.

To write groovy script in soapui –

Groovy has all Java libraries and is a scripting language. Hence, groovy supports java functions.

To import xsd file in soapui -

If integrating WSDL from a remote system, XSD should be loaded automatically. If you're loading the WSDL from a local file just make sure that you put the .xsd file in the correct directory as referenced in the WSDL.

WSDL’s import statement, imports XML namespace from a listed file. Namespace is imported and not declarations in the namespace. The element includes the optional "schemaLocation" attribute. The attribute is optional because a namespace can be imported from the same file or be registered in another way.

To call soapui mock service from java -

Use the SOAP Service Mocking facility in SoapUI by either using Groovy or configuring SOAP service mocking in SoapUI pro.

Yes, REST API a Web service or rather, a type of Web Service APIs.

REST API uses HTTP methods  and has a standardized architecture style for development of Web Service API.

Yes, soap is an RPC.

Remote Procedure Call (RPC) is a protocol that one program can use to request a service from a program located in another computer on a network without having to understand the network's details.

Remote procedure calls in SOAP are essentially client-server interactions over HTTP where the request and response comply with SOAP encoding rules.

XML-RPC and SOAP are very similar protocols from a high-level perspective.  Both utilize XML for web service method request/response encapsulation.  However, XML-RPC could be described as a subset of SOAP functionality.  For protocol, XML-RPC can only make requests using an HTTP/S connection; meanwhile, SOAP commonly uses HTTP/S but it can be run over a variety of other protocols.

SOAP Web services are stateless.

But we can have SOAP API stateful as well.

Webservice is Stateless but can be Stateful

Stateful is, storing client information on server and apply it in future client requests. resulting in dependency of present request on to previous request, which can be put in practice with http protocols.

SOAP can be Stateless and Stateful and REST is Stateless.

RESTful API is an application program interface (API) using HTTP requests like GET, PUT, etc.

REST is a software architectural style which defines constraints for developing Web services.

REST uses less bandwidth in comparison to SOAP.

To test an API, is similar to software testing but usually there is no GUI involved.

To test an API, it involves

• unit testing
• integration testing
• functional testing
• and other types of testing

UI is User Interface or software, through which user interacts with the application.

API expands to Application Programming Interface or it is an interface for communication amongst separate software systems

REST API vs SOAP -

SOAP - It is a protocol. Applies a service interface. Can be stateful and stateless

REST - It is an architectural style. It applies URIs. Is usually stateless.

Soap is more secure due to inherent security related features. SOAP supports WS-Security for enterprise-level protection.

Soap can be less secure if not properly designed and implemented.

RPC method in soap - Remote procedure calls in SOAP are essentially client-server interactions over HTTP where the request and response comply with SOAP encoding rules. The Request-URI (Universal Resource Identifier) in HTTP is typically used at the server end to map to a class or an object, but this is not mandated by SOAP.

SOAP defines a uniform model for representing an RPC and its return value or values.

The difference between WSDL and Wadl –

WSDL - Describe SOAP and REST web service. For more details - www.w3.org/TR/wsdl20/

WADL - Describe REST web service. For more details - www.w3.org/Submission/wadl/

WSDL URL – is the endpoint of WSDL.

If the web service already deployed and exposed to external world, then you should request the web service developer for WSDL URL

Otherwise, if developer shared the WSDL file directly, then you need to check the element <soap:address location = "wsdl_url_here">

Access API is done by API request with common shared API key. Requestor sends API key and its request. Receiver validates as per API key and responds to the request.

Other types of encryption can also be used as in SOAP by WS-security.

Difference between postman and SoapUI -

SoapUI – Can test REST and SOAP APIs. It is built for API testing. Java based API testing tool

Postman - It is a Google Chrome plugin. used for API testing. Can test web services.

SoapUI API testing refers to testing API by SoapUI. SoapUI can test SOAP and REST web services.

SoapUI is an open-source web service testing application for service-oriented architectures (SOA), SOAP and REST.

The difference between postman and SoapUI -

SoapUI – Can test REST and SOAP APIs. It is built for API testing. Java based API testing tool

Postman - It is a Google Chrome plugin. used for API testing. Can test web services.

WSDL, SOAP and REST are detailed as

WSDL - It is Web Services Description Language. It is  associated with SOAP. It provides a definition of how the Web service works, so that when you create a reference to it.

SOAP - A SOAP API is defined as a receiver of an XML document and is also expected to respond with an XML document. All parameters that the receiver needs to be able to respond to should be a part of the XML document sent. SOAP APIs have fallen out of popularity lately due to their difficulty to integrate across organizations.

REST - REST stands for Representational State Transfer and is an architectural style that has become increasingly popular in scalable web applications. A “REST-ful” web service generally infers much less emphasis on strict formatting, and typically uses JSON (JavaScript Object Notation) formatted data in message bodies instead of XML, though much in a RESTful web service is left up to the designers to decide.