General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Interview Questions

Checkout Vskills Interview questions with answers in General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) to prepare for your next job role. The questions are submitted by professionals to help you to prepare for the Interview.

Q.1 What is GDPR?

GDPR stands for General Data Protection Regulation, a European Union (EU) regulation that governs the protection of personal data of EU citizens.

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Q.2 When did GDPR come into effect?

GDPR became effective on May 25, 2018, replacing the Data Protection Directive 95/46/EC.

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Q.3 What is the primary goal of GDPR?

The primary goal of GDPR is to enhance the privacy and data protection rights of individuals while harmonizing data protection laws within the EU.

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Q.4 Who does GDPR apply to?

GDPR applies to organizations that process personal data of EU residents, regardless of the organization's location.

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Q.5 What is considered personal data under GDPR?

Personal data under GDPR includes any information that can identify an individual, such as names, addresses, IP addresses, and more.

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Q.6 What are the key principles of GDPR?

The key principles include data minimization, purpose limitation, data accuracy, storage limitation, and accountability.

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Q.7 What are the rights of data subjects under GDPR?

Data subjects have rights like the right to access, rectify, erase, and object to the processing of their personal data under GDPR.

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Q.8 What is the role of the Data Protection Officer (DPO) under GDPR?

The DPO is responsible for ensuring an organization's compliance with GDPR and acting as a point of contact for data protection authorities.

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Q.9 How does GDPR define data controllers and data processors?

A data controller determines the purposes and means of processing personal data, while a data processor processes data on behalf of the controller.

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Q.10 What is the GDPR's data protection impact assessment (DPIA)?

A DPIA is a process for assessing and managing data processing risks to protect individuals' rights and freedoms under GDPR.

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Q.11 What is the lawful basis for processing personal data under GDPR?

Processing of personal data must be based on one of six lawful bases, including consent, contract performance, and legitimate interests.

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Q.12 What is the difference between data erasure (right to be forgotten) and data portability under GDPR?

Data erasure allows data subjects to request the deletion of their data, while data portability allows them to receive and reuse their data.

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Q.13 What is the "right to be forgotten" under GDPR?

The right to be forgotten allows data subjects to request the deletion of their personal data by data controllers under certain conditions.

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Q.14 What is a data breach under GDPR?

A data breach is a security incident where personal data is accessed, disclosed, or lost without authorization, potentially harming data subjects.

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Q.15 How does GDPR define consent for data processing?

Consent must be freely given, specific, informed, and unambiguous. Data subjects must have the option to withdraw consent at any time.

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Q.16 What are the penalties for GDPR non-compliance?

GDPR violations can result in fines of up to €20 million or 4% of a company's annual global revenue, depending on the severity of the breach.

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Q.17 What is a Data Protection Impact Assessment (DPIA) under GDPR?

A DPIA is a process for assessing and mitigating risks associated with data processing activities that could impact individuals' privacy rights.

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Q.18 What are the GDPR requirements for data protection by design and by default?

Organizations must integrate data protection measures into their processes and systems and only process data necessary for the specified purpose.

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Q.19 What is the "right to access" under GDPR?

Data subjects have the right to obtain confirmation from data controllers about whether their personal data is being processed and to access that data.

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Q.20 What is the "right to rectification" under GDPR?

Data subjects have the right to request the correction of inaccurate or incomplete personal data held by data controllers.

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Q.21 What is the "right to data portability" under GDPR?

Data subjects have the right to receive their personal data in a structured, commonly used, and machine-readable format for transfer to another controller.

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Q.22 What is the "right to restriction of processing" under GDPR?

Data subjects can request the temporary restriction of their personal data's processing in certain situations, such as during an ongoing dispute.

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Q.23 What is the "right to object" under GDPR?

Data subjects can object to the processing of their personal data on grounds related to their particular situation, including direct marketing.

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Q.24 What are "privacy by design" and "privacy by default" under GDPR?

Privacy by design means that data protection is considered at the outset of system development, and privacy by default ensures that only necessary data is processed.

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Q.25 What are GDPR's requirements for transferring data outside the EU?

Data transfers outside the EU must meet specific conditions, such as using standard contractual clauses or ensuring an adequate level of protection.

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Q.26 What are the roles of the data controller and data processor under GDPR?

The data controller determines the purposes and means of processing personal data, while the data processor processes data on behalf of the controller.

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Q.27 What is the "One-Stop-Shop" mechanism under GDPR?

The One-Stop-Shop allows organizations with cross-border data processing activities within the EU to deal with a single lead supervisory authority for GDPR compliance.

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Q.28 What is the difference between GDPR and the ePrivacy Directive?

GDPR focuses on the protection of personal data, while the ePrivacy Directive addresses privacy in electronic communications, including cookies and direct marketing.

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Q.29 What is the "right to be informed" under GDPR?

Data subjects have the right to be provided with clear, concise, and transparent information about how their personal data is processed.

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Q.30 What is the "right to lodge a complaint" under GDPR?

Data subjects have the right to lodge a complaint with a supervisory authority if they believe their data protection rights under GDPR have been violated.

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Q.31 What is the "lead supervisory authority" under GDPR?

The lead supervisory authority is the data protection authority in the EU member state where an organization has its main establishment for cross-border data processing.

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Q.32 What is the difference between GDPR and other data protection regulations?

GDPR is a comprehensive regulation with a broader scope and stricter requirements compared to earlier data protection directives and regulations.

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Q.33 What is the "right to object to automated decision-making" under GDPR?

Data subjects have the right to object to decisions based solely on automated processing, including profiling, if it has legal or significant effects on them.

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Q.34 What is "sensitive personal data" under GDPR?

Sensitive personal data includes information about an individual's race, ethnic origin, political opinions, religious beliefs, health, sexual orientation, and more.

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Q.35 What are the requirements for appointing a Data Protection Officer (DPO) under GDPR?

Organizations are required to appoint a DPO if they engage in large-scale processing of personal data or process sensitive categories of data.

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Q.36 What are the principles of data minimization under GDPR?

Data minimization requires organizations to limit the collection and processing of personal data to what is necessary for the specified purpose.

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Q.37 What is "profiling" under GDPR?

Profiling refers to automated processing of personal data to evaluate, analyze, or predict an individual's behavior, preferences, performance, and more.

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Q.38 What is the "right to erasure" under GDPR?

The right to erasure, also known as the "right to be forgotten," allows data subjects to request the deletion of their personal data by data controllers under certain conditions.

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Q.39 What is a Data Protection Officer (DPO), and when is one required under GDPR?

A DPO is an individual responsible for ensuring GDPR compliance within an organization. A DPO is required for public authorities and organizations engaged in large-scale or sensitive data processing.

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Q.40 What is the "right to data portability" under GDPR?

The right to data portability allows data subjects to receive their personal data in a structured, commonly used, and machine-readable format for transfer to another data controller.

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Q.41 What is the "right to restriction of processing" under GDPR?

Data subjects can request the temporary restriction of their personal data's processing in certain situations, such as during an ongoing dispute or while verifying accuracy.

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Q.42 What is the "right to object" under GDPR, and when can it be exercised?

The right to object allows data subjects to object to the processing of their personal data, including direct marketing. It can be exercised unless there are legitimate grounds for the data controller to continue processing.

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Q.43 What is the "right to be informed" under GDPR, and what information should be provided to data subjects?

The right to be informed requires data controllers to provide clear, concise, and transparent information to data subjects about how their personal data will be processed, including purposes, recipients, and more.

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Q.44 What are the obligations of data controllers under GDPR?

Data controllers are responsible for ensuring compliance with GDPR principles, notifying data breaches, cooperating with supervisory authorities, and providing data subjects with information about their rights and data processing.

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Q.45 What is the "lead supervisory authority" in the context of GDPR?

The lead supervisory authority is the data protection authority in the EU member state where an organization has its main establishment, responsible for overseeing and coordinating GDPR compliance for cross-border data processing.

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Q.46 What is the role of supervisory authorities under GDPR?

Supervisory authorities are responsible for enforcing GDPR within their respective jurisdictions, handling complaints, conducting investigations, imposing fines, and promoting data protection awareness.

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Q.47 How does GDPR define a personal data breach, and what is the notification requirement?

A personal data breach is a security incident that results in the accidental or unlawful destruction, loss, alteration, unauthorized disclosure, or access to personal data. Organizations must notify supervisory authorities and affected data subjects without undue delay.

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Q.48 What is the "right to data portability" under GDPR, and how can data subjects exercise this right?

The right to data portability allows data subjects to receive their personal data from a data controller in a structured, commonly used, and machine-readable format. Data subjects can exercise this right by making a request to the data controller.

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Q.49 What is the role of Data Protection Impact Assessments (DPIAs) under GDPR, and when are they required?

DPIAs are assessments conducted to identify and mitigate risks associated with data processing activities that may impact individuals' privacy rights. They are required when processing operations are likely to result in high risks to data subjects' rights and freedoms.

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Q.50 How can organizations demonstrate compliance with GDPR?

Organizations can demonstrate compliance with GDPR by implementing appropriate data protection policies, conducting risk assessments, appointing a Data Protection Officer (DPO), keeping records of processing activities, and cooperating with supervisory authorities.

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Q.51 What is the "right to rectification" under GDPR, and how can data subjects exercise this right?

The right to rectification allows data subjects to request the correction of inaccurate or incomplete personal data held by data controllers. Data subjects can exercise this right by making a request to the data controller.

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Q.52 How does GDPR address the transfer of personal data outside the European Economic Area (EEA)?

GDPR prohibits the transfer of personal data outside the EEA unless certain conditions are met. Organizations may use mechanisms like Standard Contractual Clauses (SCCs), Binding Corporate Rules (BCRs), or rely on adequacy decisions for lawful data transfers.

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Q.53 What is the "right to be forgotten" under GDPR, and how can data subjects exercise this right?

The right to be forgotten allows data subjects to request the erasure of their personal data by data controllers under specific conditions, such as when data is no longer necessary for the purpose it was collected or when consent is withdrawn. Data subjects can exercise this right by making a request to the data controller.

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Q.54 What is the role of the Data Protection Officer (DPO) under GDPR, and when is their appointment required?

The DPO is responsible for ensuring an organization's compliance with GDPR, providing advice on data protection matters, and acting as a point of contact for data protection authorities. Their appointment is required for public authorities and organizations engaged in large-scale or sensitive data processing.

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Q.55 How does GDPR address the processing of personal data for research purposes?

GDPR allows the processing of personal data for research purposes under certain conditions, including obtaining explicit consent, ensuring data minimization, and implementing safeguards to protect data subjects' rights.

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Q.56 What is "pseudonymization" under GDPR, and how does it relate to data protection?

Pseudonymization is a data protection technique that involves replacing identifying information with artificial identifiers. GDPR encourages the use of pseudonymization to enhance data security while allowing data to be used for legitimate purposes.

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Q.57 How does GDPR define a "personal data breach," and what are the requirements for reporting such breaches?

A personal data breach is defined as a breach of security leading to the accidental or unlawful destruction, loss, alteration, unauthorized disclosure, or access to personal data. Organizations must report data breaches to supervisory authorities without undue delay and, in certain cases, notify affected data subjects.

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Q.58 How can organizations demonstrate accountability under GDPR?

Organizations can demonstrate accountability by implementing data protection policies, conducting impact assessments, appointing a Data Protection Officer (DPO), documenting processing activities, and cooperating with supervisory authorities.

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Q.59 What are the GDPR requirements for obtaining consent for data processing?

Consent must be freely given, specific, informed, and unambiguous. Data subjects must have the option to withdraw consent at any time without detriment. Consent requests should be easy to understand and clearly distinguishable from other matters.

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Q.60 How does GDPR address the processing of personal data for marketing purposes?

GDPR sets specific rules for marketing communications, including obtaining opt-in consent for electronic marketing (e.g., email or SMS) and allowing data subjects to easily opt out of marketing communications.

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Q.61 What are the key responsibilities of supervisory authorities under GDPR?

Supervisory authorities are responsible for enforcing GDPR, handling complaints, conducting investigations, issuing fines, and providing guidance on data protection matters.

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Q.62 How does GDPR address the automated processing of personal data, including profiling?

GDPR includes provisions for automated decision-making and profiling, allowing data subjects to object to such processing and ensuring that significant decisions are not based solely on automated processing.

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Q.63 What is the role of the Data Protection Officer (DPO) under GDPR, and when is their appointment required?

The DPO is responsible for ensuring an organization's compliance with GDPR, providing advice on data protection matters, and acting as a point of contact for data protection authorities. Their appointment is required for public authorities and organizations engaged in large-scale or sensitive data processing.

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Q.64 How does GDPR address the processing of personal data for research purposes?

GDPR allows the processing of personal data for research purposes under certain conditions, including obtaining explicit consent, ensuring data minimization, and implementing safeguards to protect data subjects' rights.

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Q.65 What is "pseudonymization" under GDPR, and how does it relate to data protection?

Pseudonymization is a data protection technique that involves replacing identifying information with artificial identifiers. GDPR encourages the use of pseudonymization to enhance data security while allowing data to be used for legitimate purposes.

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Q.66 How does GDPR define a "personal data breach," and what are the requirements for reporting such breaches?

A personal data breach is defined as a breach of security leading to the accidental or unlawful destruction, loss, alteration, unauthorized disclosure, or access to personal data. Organizations must report data breaches to supervisory authorities without undue delay and, in certain cases, notify affected data subjects.

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Q.67 How can organizations demonstrate accountability under GDPR?

Organizations can demonstrate accountability by implementing data protection policies, conducting impact assessments, appointing a Data Protection Officer (DPO), documenting processing activities, and cooperating with supervisory authorities.

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Q.68 What are the GDPR requirements for obtaining consent for data processing?

Consent must be freely given, specific, informed, and unambiguous. Data subjects must have the option to withdraw consent at any time without detriment. Consent requests should be easy to understand and clearly distinguishable from other matters.

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Q.69 How does GDPR address the processing of personal data for marketing purposes?

GDPR sets specific rules for marketing communications, including obtaining opt-in consent for electronic marketing (e.g., email or SMS) and allowing data subjects to easily opt out of marketing communications.

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Q.70 What are the key responsibilities of supervisory authorities under GDPR?

Supervisory authorities are responsible for enforcing GDPR, handling complaints, conducting investigations, issuing fines, and providing guidance on data protection matters.

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Q.71 How does GDPR address the automated processing of personal data, including profiling?

GDPR includes provisions for automated decision-making and profiling, allowing data subjects to object to such processing and ensuring that significant decisions are not based solely on automated processing.

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Q.72 What is the role of the Data Protection Officer (DPO) under GDPR, and when is their appointment required?

The DPO is responsible for ensuring an organization's compliance with GDPR, providing advice on data protection matters, and acting as a point of contact for data protection authorities. Their appointment is required for public authorities and organizations engaged in large-scale or sensitive data processing.

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Q.73 How does GDPR address the processing of personal data for research purposes?

GDPR allows the processing of personal data for research purposes under certain conditions, including obtaining explicit consent, ensuring data minimization, and implementing safeguards to protect data subjects' rights.

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Q.74 What is "pseudonymization" under GDPR, and how does it relate to data protection?

Pseudonymization is a data protection technique that involves replacing identifying information with artificial identifiers. GDPR encourages the use of pseudonymization to enhance data security while allowing data to be used for legitimate purposes.

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Q.75 How does GDPR define a "personal data breach," and what are the requirements for reporting such breaches?

A personal data breach is defined as a breach of security leading to the accidental or unlawful destruction, loss, alteration, unauthorized disclosure, or access to personal data. Organizations must report data breaches to supervisory authorities without undue delay and, in certain cases, notify affected data subjects.

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Q.76 How can organizations demonstrate accountability under GDPR?

Organizations can demonstrate accountability by implementing data protection policies, conducting impact assessments, appointing a Data Protection Officer (DPO), documenting processing activities, and cooperating with supervisory authorities.

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Q.77 What are the GDPR requirements for obtaining consent for data processing?

Consent must be freely given, specific, informed, and unambiguous. Data subjects must have the option to withdraw consent at any time without detriment. Consent requests should be easy to understand and clearly distinguishable from other matters.

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Q.78 How does GDPR address the processing of personal data for marketing purposes?

GDPR sets specific rules for marketing communications, including obtaining opt-in consent for electronic marketing (e.g., email or SMS) and allowing data subjects to easily opt out of marketing communications.

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Q.79 What are the key responsibilities of supervisory authorities under GDPR?

Supervisory authorities are responsible for enforcing GDPR, handling complaints, conducting investigations, issuing fines, and providing guidance on data protection matters.

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Q.80 How does GDPR address the automated processing of personal data, including profiling?

GDPR includes provisions for automated decision-making and profiling, allowing data subjects to object to such processing and ensuring that significant decisions are not based solely on automated processing.

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