Variables, Data Types, and Output

Variables in Carbon are like containers that store data. They have a name and a data type. The data type determines the kind of values a variable can hold.

Data Types in Carbon are essential for defining the nature of data. They specify how much memory a variable will occupy and the operations that can be performed on it. Carbon offers a variety of data types, including:

• Numeric Data Types:
  • int: Represents integers (whole numbers without decimal points).
  • float: Represents floating-point numbers (numbers with decimal points).
  • double: Represents double-precision floating-point numbers (provides greater precision than float).
• Character Data Types:
  • char: Represents a single character.
  • string: Represents a sequence of characters (text).
• Boolean Data Type:
  • bool: Represents a logical value (either true or false).

Output in Carbon is the process of displaying information on the console. The print function is used to print values of variables or expressions. Here’s an example:

var message: string = "Hello, world!";
print(message);

This code will print the message “Hello, world!” to the console.

Formatting Output

Carbon provides various ways to format output:

String Interpolation:

Use $ to embed expressions within strings. For example:

var name: string = "Alice";
print("Hello, $name!");

String Formatting:

Use the format method on strings to create formatted output. For example:

var number: int = 123;
print("The number is: {:d}".format(number));

Data Types and Memory

The amount of memory allocated to a variable depends on its data type. For example, an int typically requires 4 bytes of memory, while a double requires 8 bytes. Understanding data types and memory usage is crucial for efficient memory management in Carbon programs.