Multithreading
Multithreading refers to the concurrent execution of two or more parts of a program, or multiple threads, to achieve maximum utilization of the CPU. Threads are lightweight processes that exist within a single process and share the same memory space. Multithreading allows multiple threads to execute concurrently within a single process.
In Java, multithreading is implemented through the Thread class and the Runnable interface. The Thread class defines the basic properties and behavior of a thread, while the Runnable interface defines the code to be executed by a thread. The Thread class can be used to create a new thread, while the Runnable interface can be used to define the code to be executed by that thread.
To create a new thread, a class must extend the Thread class and override its run() method, which contains the code that will be executed when the thread starts. Alternatively, a class can implement the Runnable interface and override its run() method to define the code to be executed by the thread. Once the thread has been defined, it can be started using the start() method. Multithreading can be useful in a variety of scenarios, such as improving the responsiveness of GUI applications, reducing the response time of web applications, and improving the performance of server applications. However, multithreading also introduces additional complexity and can lead to synchronization issues, such as deadlocks and race conditions, which must be carefully managed.
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