{"id":72393,"date":"2020-01-14T10:34:58","date_gmt":"2020-01-14T05:04:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.vskills.in\/certification\/tutorial\/?p=72393"},"modified":"2024-04-12T14:22:55","modified_gmt":"2024-04-12T08:52:55","slug":"e2e-testing","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.vskills.in\/certification\/tutorial\/e2e-testing\/","title":{"rendered":"E2E Testing"},"content":{"rendered":"

As applications grow in size and complexity, it becomes unrealistic to rely on manual testing to verify the correctness of new features, catch bugs and notice regressions. Unit tests are the first line of defense for catching bugs, but sometimes issues come up with integration between components which can’t be captured in a unit test. End-to-end tests are made to find these problems.<\/p>\n

We have built Protractor, an end to end test runner which simulates user interactions that will help you verify the health of your AngularJS application.<\/p>\n

Using Protractor<\/span><\/h4>\n

Protractor is a Node.js program, and runs end-to-end tests that are also written in JavaScript and run with node. Protractor uses WebDriver to control browsers and simulate user actions.<\/p>\n

Protractor uses Jasmine for its test syntax. As in unit testing, a test file is comprised of one or more it blocks that describe the requirements of your application. it blocks are made of commands and expectations. Commands tell Protractor to do something with the application such as navigate to a page or click on a button. Expectations tell Protractor to assert something about the application’s state, such as the value of a field or the current URL.<\/p>\n

If any expectation within an it block fails, the runner marks the it as “failed” and continues on to the next block.<\/p>\n

Test files may also have beforeEach and afterEach blocks, which will be run before or after each it block regardless of whether the block passes or fails.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

In addition to the above elements, tests may also contain helper functions to avoid duplicating code in the it blocks. Here is an example of a simple test:<\/p>\n

describe(‘TODO list’, function() {<\/p>\n

it(‘should filter results’, function() {<\/p>\n

\/\/ Find the element with ng-model=”user” and type “jacksparrow” into it<\/p>\n

element(by.model(‘user’)).sendKeys(‘jacksparrow’);<\/p>\n

\/\/ Find the first (and only) button on the page and click it<\/p>\n

element(by.css(‘:button’)).click();<\/p>\n

\/\/ Verify that there are 10 tasks<\/p>\n

expect(element.all(by.repeater(‘task in tasks’)).count()).toEqual(10);<\/p>\n

\/\/ Enter ‘groceries’ into the element with ng-model=”filterText”<\/p>\n

element(by.model(‘filterText’)).sendKeys(‘groceries’);<\/p>\n

\/\/ Verify that now there is only one item in the task list<\/p>\n

expect(element.all(by.repeater(‘task in tasks’)).count()).toEqual(1);<\/p>\n

});<\/p>\n

});<\/p>\n

This test describes the requirements of a ToDo list, specifically, that it should be able to filter the list of items. Protractor does not work out-of-the-box with apps that bootstrap manually using angular.bootstrap. You must use the ng-app directive<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

As applications grow in size and complexity, it becomes unrealistic to rely on manual testing to verify the correctness of new features, catch bugs and notice regressions. Unit tests are the first line of defense for catching bugs, but sometimes issues come up with integration between components which can’t be captured in a unit test….<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[8417],"tags":[8451],"class_list":["post-72393","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry","category-angular-js-web-development","tag-e2e-testing"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nE2E Testing - Tutorial<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.vskills.in\/certification\/tutorial\/e2e-testing\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"E2E Testing - Tutorial\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"As applications grow in size and complexity, it becomes unrealistic to rely on manual testing to verify the correctness of new features, catch bugs and notice regressions. Unit tests are the first line of defense for catching bugs, but sometimes issues come up with integration between components which can’t be captured in a unit test....\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.vskills.in\/certification\/tutorial\/e2e-testing\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Tutorial\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/vskills.in\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-04-12T08:52:55+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.vskills.in\/lms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/image052-1.jpg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"2 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.vskills.in\/certification\/tutorial\/e2e-testing\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.vskills.in\/certification\/tutorial\/e2e-testing\/\",\"name\":\"E2E Testing - Tutorial\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.vskills.in\/certification\/tutorial\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.vskills.in\/certification\/tutorial\/e2e-testing\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.vskills.in\/certification\/tutorial\/e2e-testing\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.vskills.in\/lms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/image052-1.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2020-01-14T05:04:58+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-04-12T08:52:55+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.vskills.in\/certification\/tutorial\/e2e-testing\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/www.vskills.in\/certification\/tutorial\/e2e-testing\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.vskills.in\/certification\/tutorial\/e2e-testing\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.vskills.in\/lms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/image052-1.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.vskills.in\/lms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/image052-1.jpg\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.vskills.in\/certification\/tutorial\/e2e-testing\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/www.vskills.in\/certification\/tutorial\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"E2E Testing\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.vskills.in\/certification\/tutorial\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.vskills.in\/certification\/tutorial\/\",\"name\":\"Tutorial\",\"description\":\"Vskills - A initiative in elearning and certification\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.vskills.in\/certification\/tutorial\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/www.vskills.in\/certification\/tutorial\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.vskills.in\/certification\/tutorial\/#organization\",\"name\":\"Vskills\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.vskills.in\/certification\/tutorial\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.vskills.in\/certification\/tutorial\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.vskills.in\/certification\/tutorial\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/07\/vskills-min-logo.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.vskills.in\/certification\/tutorial\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/07\/vskills-min-logo.jpg\",\"width\":73,\"height\":55,\"caption\":\"Vskills\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.vskills.in\/certification\/tutorial\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/vskills.in\/\",\"https:\/\/x.com\/vskills_in\",\"https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company-beta\/1371554\/\",\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/channel\/UCMWnscxPwRF_PqXo9B7q_Tw\"]}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"E2E Testing - Tutorial","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/www.vskills.in\/certification\/tutorial\/e2e-testing\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"E2E Testing - Tutorial","og_description":"As applications grow in size and complexity, it becomes unrealistic to rely on manual testing to verify the correctness of new features, catch bugs and notice regressions. Unit tests are the first line of defense for catching bugs, but sometimes issues come up with integration between components which can’t be captured in a unit test....","og_url":"https:\/\/www.vskills.in\/certification\/tutorial\/e2e-testing\/","og_site_name":"Tutorial","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/vskills.in\/","article_modified_time":"2024-04-12T08:52:55+00:00","og_image":[{"url":"https:\/\/www.vskills.in\/lms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/image052-1.jpg","type":"","width":"","height":""}],"twitter_misc":{"Est. reading time":"2 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/www.vskills.in\/certification\/tutorial\/e2e-testing\/","url":"https:\/\/www.vskills.in\/certification\/tutorial\/e2e-testing\/","name":"E2E Testing - Tutorial","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.vskills.in\/certification\/tutorial\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.vskills.in\/certification\/tutorial\/e2e-testing\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.vskills.in\/certification\/tutorial\/e2e-testing\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/www.vskills.in\/lms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/image052-1.jpg","datePublished":"2020-01-14T05:04:58+00:00","dateModified":"2024-04-12T08:52:55+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.vskills.in\/certification\/tutorial\/e2e-testing\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/www.vskills.in\/certification\/tutorial\/e2e-testing\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/www.vskills.in\/certification\/tutorial\/e2e-testing\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/www.vskills.in\/lms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/image052-1.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.vskills.in\/lms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/image052-1.jpg"},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/www.vskills.in\/certification\/tutorial\/e2e-testing\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/www.vskills.in\/certification\/tutorial\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"E2E Testing"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/www.vskills.in\/certification\/tutorial\/#website","url":"https:\/\/www.vskills.in\/certification\/tutorial\/","name":"Tutorial","description":"Vskills - A initiative in elearning and certification","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.vskills.in\/certification\/tutorial\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/www.vskills.in\/certification\/tutorial\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/www.vskills.in\/certification\/tutorial\/#organization","name":"Vskills","url":"https:\/\/www.vskills.in\/certification\/tutorial\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/www.vskills.in\/certification\/tutorial\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/www.vskills.in\/certification\/tutorial\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/07\/vskills-min-logo.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.vskills.in\/certification\/tutorial\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/07\/vskills-min-logo.jpg","width":73,"height":55,"caption":"Vskills"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.vskills.in\/certification\/tutorial\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/vskills.in\/","https:\/\/x.com\/vskills_in","https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company-beta\/1371554\/","https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/channel\/UCMWnscxPwRF_PqXo9B7q_Tw"]}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vskills.in\/certification\/tutorial\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/72393","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vskills.in\/certification\/tutorial\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vskills.in\/certification\/tutorial\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vskills.in\/certification\/tutorial\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vskills.in\/certification\/tutorial\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=72393"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/www.vskills.in\/certification\/tutorial\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/72393\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":72558,"href":"https:\/\/www.vskills.in\/certification\/tutorial\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/72393\/revisions\/72558"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vskills.in\/certification\/tutorial\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=72393"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vskills.in\/certification\/tutorial\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=72393"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vskills.in\/certification\/tutorial\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=72393"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}