{"id":22270,"date":"2013-05-13T11:31:44","date_gmt":"2013-05-13T06:01:44","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/vskills.in\/certification\/tutorial\/?p=22270"},"modified":"2024-04-12T14:16:46","modified_gmt":"2024-04-12T08:46:46","slug":"net-technology-framework-and-common-language-runtimeclr","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.vskills.in\/certification\/tutorial\/net-technology-framework-and-common-language-runtimeclr\/","title":{"rendered":".NET Technology Framework and Common Language Runtime(CLR)"},"content":{"rendered":"

.NET Technology Framework and Common Language Runtime(CLR)<\/strong><\/h4>\n

.NET technology framework<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

It is a framework of software which had been developed by Microsoft,USA having a large library and also supporting programming language interoperability. Programs written for the .NET Framework execute in a specific software environment called Common Language Runtime (CLR) which provides services such as security, memory management, and exception handling. Hence, the combination of both the class library and the CLR forms the .NET Framework.<\/p>\n

The library also called as base class library has library for user interface, database connectivity, cryptography, web application development and network communications. Software development in .Net framework can be done by and IDE by Microsoft called Visual Studio.<\/p>\n

Version History<\/strong><\/p>\n

Each new version of the .NET Framework adds new features while keeping the features of previous versions and similarly the CLR has its own version number also. The version history for >net framework is given below<\/p>\n

\"nethistory\"<\/a><\/p>\n

The .NET Framework versions 2.0, 3.0, and 3.5 have the same CLR version\u00a0 (CLR 2.0).\u00a0 Some version of the .NET Framework are installed with the Windows operating system as<\/p>\n

<\/div>\n
\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Client operating system<\/th>\nIncludes<\/th>\nYou can also install<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
Windows 8<\/td>\n.NET Framework 4.5<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Windows 7<\/td>\n.NET Framework 3.5 SP1<\/td>\n.NET Framework 4.5, .NET Framework\u00a04<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Windows Vista SP2<\/td>\n.NET Framework\u00a03.0 SP2<\/td>\n.NET Framework 4.5, .NET Framework\u00a04, .NET Framework 3.5 SP1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Windows XP Professional and Windows XP Home Edition<\/td>\n\u2014<\/td>\n.NET Framework\u00a04, .NET Framework 3.5 SP1, .NET Framework 2.0 SP2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

The following table provides similar information for server operating systems.<\/p>\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Server operating system<\/th>\nIncludes<\/th>\nYou can also install<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
Windows Server 2012<\/td>\n.NET Framework 4.5<\/td>\n.NET Framework 3.5 SP1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Windows Server 2008 R2<\/td>\n.NET Framework 2.0 SP2 (enabled by default), .NET Framework 3.5 SP1*, .NET Framework\u00a03.0 SP2*<\/td>\n.NET Framework 4.5, .NET Framework\u00a04<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Windows Server 2008 SP2<\/td>\n.NET Framework 2.0 SP2 (enabled by default), .NET Framework\u00a03.0 SP2*<\/td>\n.NET Framework 4.5, .NET Framework\u00a04, .NET Framework 3.5 SP1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Windows Server 2003<\/td>\n.NET Framework 2.0 SP2<\/td>\n.NET Framework\u00a04, .NET Framework 3.5 SP1, .NET Framework\u00a03.0 SP2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

Design features of .Net Framework<\/strong><\/p>\n

The basic design features of .Net framework are listed below and they encompass all modern requirements for developing applications<\/p>\n

Interoperability<\/strong> – The .NET Framework supports access to functionality implemented in newer and older programs like access to COM components.<\/p>\n

Common Language Runtime engine<\/strong> – The Common Language Runtime (CLR) is the execution engine of the .NET Framework. which guarantee\u00a0 memory management, security, and exception handling.
\nLanguage independence<\/strong> – The .NET Framework has Common Type System, or CTS which defines datatypes and programming constructs supported by the CLR and their conformance to the Common Language Infrastructure (CLI) specification. Thus, supporting the exchange of types and object instances between libraries and applications written using any .NET language which conforms to the laid down specifications of data type.
\nSimplified deployment<\/strong> – The .NET Framework manages the installation of software application developed in .Net framework without interfering with previously installed software and also conforming to security requirements.
\nSecurity<\/strong> – The design addresses some of the vulnerabilities, such as buffer overflows, which have been exploited by malicious software. Additionally, .NET provides a common security model for all applications.<\/p>\n

\"NET_Framework_stack\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Common Language Runtime(CLR)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

It manages the execution of .NET programs written in any of the programming languages supported by the .Net framework, thus, enabling sharing of common object-oriented classes.<\/p>\n

The runtime uses the metadata of program (usually description of types, members, and references in code) to locate and load classes, lay out memory instances, resolve method invocations and it’s sequencing, generate native code, enforce security, and set run-time context boundaries.<\/p>\n

Metadata is stored with the code. Objects whose execution and it’s life is managed by the runtime are called managed data.<\/p>\n

The compiled code is converted into machine instructions by Just-in-time compilation in which instructions are executed by the computer’s CPU. CLR also implements the Common Language Infrastructure (CLI) standard which is the basis for creation of execution and development environments for seamless working of languages and libraries together..<\/p>\n

The components of CLR includes<\/p>\n