{"id":108463,"date":"2021-02-16T10:28:34","date_gmt":"2021-02-16T04:58:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.vskills.in\/certification\/tutorial\/?page_id=108463"},"modified":"2024-04-12T14:29:59","modified_gmt":"2024-04-12T08:59:59","slug":"gypsum-and-related-products","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.vskills.in\/certification\/tutorial\/gypsum-and-related-products\/","title":{"rendered":"Gypsum and related products"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Gypsum&nbsp;is a soft&nbsp;sulfate mineral&nbsp;composed of&nbsp;calcium sulfate&nbsp;di-hydrate, with the&nbsp;chemical formula&nbsp;CaSO<sub>4<\/sub>\u00b72H<sub>2<\/sub>O.&nbsp;It can be used as a&nbsp;fertilizer, is the main constituent in many forms of&nbsp;plaster&nbsp;and is widely mined. A massive fine-grained white or lightly tinted variety of gypsum, called&nbsp;alabaster, has been used for&nbsp;sculpture&nbsp;by many cultures including&nbsp;Ancient Egypt,&nbsp;Mesopotamia,&nbsp;Ancient Rome, Byzantine empire&nbsp;and the&nbsp;Nottingham alabasters&nbsp;of medieval England. It is the definition of a hardness of 2 on the&nbsp;Mohr&#8217;s scale of mineral hardness. It forms as an&nbsp;evaporite&nbsp;mineral and as a hydration product of&nbsp;anhydrite.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Gypsum is a common mineral, with thick and extensive&nbsp;evaporite&nbsp;beds in association with&nbsp;sedimentary rocks. Deposits are known to occur in&nbsp;strata&nbsp;from as far back as the&nbsp;Archaean&nbsp;eon.&nbsp;Gypsum is deposited from lake and sea water, as well as in&nbsp;hot springs, from volcanic&nbsp;vapors, and sulfate solutions in&nbsp;veins.&nbsp;Hydrothermal&nbsp;anhydrite&nbsp;in veins is commonly hydrated to gypsum by groundwater in near-surface exposures. It is often associated with the minerals&nbsp;halite&nbsp;and&nbsp;sulfur. Pure gypsum is white, but other substances found as impurities may give a wide range of colors to local deposits. Gypsum dissolves over time in water, gypsum is rarely found in the form of sand.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Physical Properties<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Gypsum is moderately water-soluble (~2.0\u20132.5&nbsp;g\/l at 25\u00b0C)&nbsp;and, in contrast to most other salts, it exhibits a retrograde solubility, becoming less soluble at higher temperatures. When gypsum is heated in air it loses water and converts first to calcium sulfate hemi hydrate, (bassanite, often simply called &#8220;plaster&#8221;) and, if heated further, to anhydrous calcium sulfate (anhydrite). As for anhydrite, its solubility in saline solutions and in&nbsp;brines&nbsp;is also strongly dependent on&nbsp;NaCl&nbsp;concentration. Gypsum crystals are found to contain&nbsp;anion water&nbsp;and&nbsp;hydrogen bonding.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Advantages of gypsum<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Economical<\/li><li>Easy workability<\/li><li>Fire resistant<\/li><li>Light weight<\/li><li>Sound insulation<\/li><li>Strength and durability<\/li><li>Provides smooth surface<\/li><li>Sharp finishing<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Gypsum plaster \/ Plaster of Paris<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Gypsum plaster, or the plaster of Paris, is produced by heating&nbsp;gypsum&nbsp;to about 300 \u00b0F (150&nbsp;\u00b0C)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>CaSO<sub>4<\/sub>\u00b72H<sub>2<\/sub>O +&nbsp;heat&nbsp;\u2192 CaSO<sub>4<\/sub>\u00b70.5H<sub>2<\/sub>O + 1.5H<sub>2<\/sub>O (released as steam).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>When the dry plaster powder is mixed with water, it re-forms into gypsum. The setting of unmodified plaster starts about 10 minutes after mixing and is complete in about 45 minutes; but not fully set for 72 hours.&nbsp;If plaster or gypsum is heated above 392\u00b0F (200\u00b0C),&nbsp;anhydrite&nbsp;is formed, which will also re-form as gypsum if mixed with water.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A large gypsum deposit at&nbsp;Montmartre&nbsp;in Paris led &#8220;calcined gypsum&#8221; (roasted gypsum or gypsum plaster) to be commonly known as &#8220;plaster of Paris&#8221;. Plasterers often use gypsum to simulate the appearance of surfaces of wood, stone, or metal, on movie and theatrical sets for example. Nowadays, theatrical plasterers often use expanded&nbsp;polystyrene, although the job title remains unchanged.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Plaster of Paris can be used to impregnate&nbsp;gauze&nbsp;bandages to make a sculpting material called&nbsp;modroc. It is used similarly to clay, as it is easily shaped when wet, yet sets into a resilient and lightweight structure. This is the material that was (and sometimes still is) used to make classic plaster&nbsp;orthopedic casts&nbsp;to protect limbs with broken bones, the medical use having been partly inspired by the artistic use (see&nbsp;orthopedic cast). Set modroc is an early example of a&nbsp;composite material.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Plaster boards<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Plaster boards are made of large sheets of gypsum plaster faced on both sides with stout paper as reinforcement. These boards are used for partitions and the lining of walls, ceilings, roofs and roofs. The properties of plasterboard can be modified to meet the specific demands and requirements such as fire resistance, humidity resistance, shock resistance, etc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Pyrocell<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>When water is added to finely ground gypsum powder, gas is liberated and the volume expands by almost 3 to 4 times and hardens after some time. This mixture is known as pyrocell and is light, cellular and fire resistant. It is commonly used in acoustical and insulating purposes in building construction<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Gypsum&nbsp;is a soft&nbsp;sulfate mineral&nbsp;composed of&nbsp;calcium sulfate&nbsp;di-hydrate, with the&nbsp;chemical formula&nbsp;CaSO4\u00b72H2O.&nbsp;It can be used as a&nbsp;fertilizer, is the main constituent in many forms of&nbsp;plaster&nbsp;and is widely mined. A massive fine-grained white or lightly tinted variety of gypsum, called&nbsp;alabaster, has been used for&nbsp;sculpture&nbsp;by many cultures including&nbsp;Ancient Egypt,&nbsp;Mesopotamia,&nbsp;Ancient Rome, Byzantine empire&nbsp;and the&nbsp;Nottingham alabasters&nbsp;of medieval England. It is the definition&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-108463","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v24.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Gypsum and related products - Tutorial<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.vskills.in\/certification\/tutorial\/gypsum-and-related-products\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Gypsum and related products - Tutorial\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Gypsum&nbsp;is a soft&nbsp;sulfate mineral&nbsp;composed of&nbsp;calcium sulfate&nbsp;di-hydrate, with the&nbsp;chemical formula&nbsp;CaSO4\u00b72H2O.&nbsp;It can be used as a&nbsp;fertilizer, is the main constituent in many forms of&nbsp;plaster&nbsp;and is widely mined. 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