{"id":102319,"date":"2021-01-14T10:54:55","date_gmt":"2021-01-14T05:24:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.vskills.in\/certification\/tutorial\/?page_id=102319"},"modified":"2024-04-12T14:26:42","modified_gmt":"2024-04-12T08:56:42","slug":"six-sigma-4","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.vskills.in\/certification\/tutorial\/six-sigma-4\/","title":{"rendered":"Six Sigma"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>It is the most widely used strategy for statistical quality assurance, uses data and statistical analysis to measure and improve a company&#8217;s operational performance, it Identifies and eliminates defects in manufacturing and service-related processes. It is basically a method that provides organizations tools to improve the capability of their business processes. This increase in performance and decrease in process variation lead to defect reduction and improvement in profits, employee morale, and quality of products or services.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The Six Sigma concept was developed at Motorola in the 1980s. Six Sigma can be viewed as a philosophy, a technique, or a goal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Philosophy &#8211; Customer-focused breakthrough improvement in processes<\/li><li>Technique &#8211; Comprehensive set of statistical tools and methodologies<\/li><li>Goal &#8211; Reduce variation, minimize defects, shorten the cycle time, improve yield, enhance customer satisfaction, and boost the bottom line<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Mathematical Six Sigma<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>The term \u2018Six Sigma\u2019 is drawn from the statistical discipline \u2018process capability studies\u2019. Sigma, represented by the Greek alphabet \u2018\u03c3\u2019, stands for standard deviation from the \u2018mean\u2019. \u2018Six Sigma\u2019 represents six standard deviations from the \u2018mean.\u2019 This implies that if a company produces 1,000,000 parts\/units, and its processes are at Six Sigma level, less than 3.4 defects only will result. However, if the processes are at three sigma level, the company ends up with as many as 66,807 defects for every 1,000,000 parts\/units produced.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The table below shows the number of defects observed for every 1,000,000 parts produced (also referred to as defects per million opportunities or DPMO).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><thead><tr><td><strong>Sigma Level<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Defects per million opportunities<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Two Sigma<\/td><td>308,507 DPMO<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Three Sigma<\/td><td>66,807 DPMO<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Four Sigma<\/td><td>6,210 DPMO<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Five Sigma<\/td><td>233 DPMO<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Six Sigma<\/td><td>3.4 DPMO<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Process standard deviation (\u03c3) should be so minimal that the process performance should be able to scale up to 12\u03c3 within the customer specified limits. So, no matter how widely the process deviates from the target, it must still deliver results that meet the customer requirements. Few terms used are<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>USL \u2013 It is upper specification limit for a performance standard. Any deviation beyond this is a defect.<\/li><li>LSL \u2013 It is lower specification limit for a performance standard. Any deviation below this is a defect.<\/li><li>Target \u2013 Ideally, this will be the middle point between USL and LSL.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.vskills.in\/lms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/lsl.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-102130\"\/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Six Sigma approach is to find out the root causes of the problem, symbolically represented by Y = F(X). Here, Y represents the problem that occurs due to cause (s) X.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>Y<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>x1, x2, x3, \u2026., xn<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Dependent<\/td><td>Independent<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Customer related output<\/td><td>Input-process<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Effect<\/td><td>Cause<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Symptom<\/td><td>Problem<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Monitor<\/td><td>Control<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>It is the most widely used strategy for statistical quality assurance, uses data and statistical analysis to measure and improve a company&#8217;s operational performance, it Identifies and eliminates defects in manufacturing and service-related processes. It is basically a method that provides organizations tools to improve the capability of their business processes. This increase in performance&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-102319","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v24.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Six Sigma - Tutorial<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.vskills.in\/certification\/tutorial\/six-sigma-4\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Six Sigma - Tutorial\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"It is the most widely used strategy for statistical quality assurance, uses data and statistical analysis to measure and improve a company&#8217;s operational performance, it Identifies and eliminates defects in manufacturing and service-related processes. 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