IT (information technology) is growing with the time. Computer science and the mobile technology is changing the world from traditional process to a smarter way. Technology is inviting people to grow with IT and make the life easier. From the morning to till night 24 hour is surrounded by IT. Everything is possible with the help of it. Our food, clothes, study materials, income, water supply, electricity etc all are now depending on IT. Without IT no organization wants to perform its business process. But here the point we have to think that is , IT is not stable: means it is not constant. It is changing its structure and process time to time to give much more benefit to the society.
Just take one example of our some few days before all people learned how to use ATM and money transaction through debit and credit card. They learned as the process like inserting the ATM card and giving password pin. After successfully giving the pin the transaction can be possible. But now many banks introduced voice recognition, face detection, finger print, and other updated facilities. So we can say they upgraded their system. It is done because of the help of IT. Similarly Microsoft the master of computer operating system also upgrades the operating system time to time. example : win 98, win 2000, win 2003, win xp , win vista , win 7, win 8, win 9, and win 10. So according to that all organization and people also trying to upgrading their system to get better service and good features.

So what is IT up gradation?

IT up gradation involved in actively update the software as well as hardware for the activity of new features, applications and new software installation. Every sector is up grading their system to give best output.

How IT up gradation done and what is the benefits?

We can say it by taking one simple example: few year back when we were using windows XP operating system that time the RAM ( Random Access Memory ) of our system was 256 mb RAM as average. But now in market we can get 3gb RAM as an average and also system available to upgrade it to 16gb. It is because the application software needs more primary memory due to having more features. so gradually the R&D department of all company provide the up gradation to the company.

One more example we can take : time to time as per the need engineers are making new software , suppose we can take one software that is SAP ERP. This is around 250GB. The hardware requirement for this software is minimum 500 gb hard drive and 3 gb RAM to run the software without lagging. So the person, who wants to use it, must have to upgrade the system.

The benefit of up gradation:

1. Easy to use new features.
2. Get benefits from different application and software.
3. Easy to use new software because of upgrade.
4. Process must be faster than before.
5. Safe to use new application due to bug free.

Now the question is how IT up gradation helps in bringing opportunity for new business?

Case 1. When there is any upgrade by a company people excited to know about the new features. it is a good scope for the entrepreneurs to provide new features to the market so that people can get wish to buy new products. We can take one example: when android smart phone came to market everyone wanted to buy it and gradually it took maximum share of the market.

Case 2. When a software get upgrade, then all use need to upgrade it buy paying money to company or buy applying trail key. In this case we can take one example: adobe photoshop , which is a very well-known tool for editing photos, every time when company upgrade it , it adds new features. It is so exciting and people like to use it interestingly because new features can make the photo beautiful and give more graphics. So if one entrepreneur what to provide upgraded software to customers, it must be a good opportunity.

Case 3. We can see when software get upgrade it must affect to the hardware part too. Because for using good quality software there must be a good system configuration such as maximum primary memory, graphic card, sound card etc. So if the market is growing with the updated software there must be need of updated hardware too. So it will also make a new business opportunity.

So in this way IT up gradation give so much benefits and opportunity to the society, but it depend on the people who like to adopt the change with time or not. For getting maximum benefit from the IT , one must have to respect the changes.

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It is really hard to count our population. Day by day population is growing. And as government have different scheme so that it can able to keep record of the population but when it comes to opinion of people it may be beyond imagination. Think one situation one product lunched in the market and people used it. Some good response comes and some bad too, but it will take time to get the response from the public. But now social media brings new revolution to the world.

As like we are living in a society, and to connect people around the world with a social site is called as social media. Why media? Because of social site individual person, company, any group can able to make ad and give comments freely. It helps to transfer all types of news from one person to rest of all. Just a share button will have so much powerful program that it will spread immediately to others.

So called the facebook is one of the largest social network in the world. Everyone who is little accounted with internet must have social account. Where the person always likes to be in contact with the dear ones and can also meet new people too.

Now we have to understand the Public Opinion:

Why it is important because without public opinion you cannot able to make any valuable decision for any business or any activity. Just one small example: suppose one company want to lunch a product which will give power supply to laptops such as mobile power bank. So if it will give one add about the product over the social media it will very easy to collect the public opinion. If the configuration product is 50000mah battery, and public will demand in social media that if it has 100000mah it could be better. So then the company can able to get decision.

It is one small example but there are lots of examples are there where it helps a lot.

Second one is awareness :

Awareness is necessary for people who have busy life generally, because they do not have lot of time to watch news. So what happen in social sites, there is some important news always appears in the news bar. So with is a few minute the person can able to check it easily and get aware of the happenings. So the result is that so many bad happenings can be avoided by the awareness. We can take example, suppose cyclone will come in a specified date and government alert the people to leave the nearby place to the sea. But if a tourist is in that place and he cannot able to get the news, it will be a problem for him. So at that time social media works well to make him alert.
Social media helps and works well for the society as well as for human beings, but it is the true responsibility of the people to use it in a proper way so that our society can get some help from our own contribution.

” Be Clean And Be Social.”

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http://www.vskills.in/certification/Life-Skills/Certified-Digital-Citizen

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GUI means graphical user interface. In the modern time people are getting smart day by day. Competition is growing, and students are capturing the subject very fast. It is all due to GUI based education system. It is better to see a picture and understand it well instead of reading theory. We can take one example that when a student read mango and if he will not see the picture of a mango he cannot able to get it clearly. So the technology give so much flexibility that teachers are teaching with computer system and all the materials are GUI based applications instead of books.

Students are also following the teaching process and it is so much fun for the students to make concept clear by watching the animation, pictures or videos.

One more example is there, if someone is studying respiratory process, and instead of reading from book and by looking from it, if the student will get teaching by one GUI based application like video presentation , he will easily understand it. Because our brain capture the images so fast rather than texts.

There are so many GUI based applications available in internet by using which one person can make the study lesson best for students. One example is power point presentation; it is one of the Microsoft products. And it is very easy to use it. Students also use it for project presentations. And teachers also use it in seminars.

Now a days’ android applications are available in internet which are so friendly and it give a lot of scope to students to understand the subject. Instead of carrying books, students are like to carry apps in mobile and tablets. The benefits of these are, they can able to read any where any time as per the convenient. And it gives a lot of interest to students to get new ideas and to get more knowledge from different sources.

Government is planning to make all smart classes, which means there will be no black or white board in classroom. All things will be in computer system and projector. So graphical user interface provides so much technological help in education sectors. Presently all competitive exams are happening online, which is a big example of GUI based education system.

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Our country is basically known as the best service providing nation, because here people have good understanding and hard-working nature. When a product developed in a company it will gone through a lot of R&D process. Before lunching it to the market the company needs to test it more than 500 times to get the correct decision.

It is also not enough for the company to only lunch the product in the market and get benefits from the sales. For getting good reputation company needs to provide good service to the people who are using the product. We can take good example of Nokia mobile phones. It is having the well-known customer service around the nation. So people trust on this brand.

So why feedback is good option for the product promotion and marketing?
The reason is :

1. When company collect feedback from customers, it can interact with the end-user directly.
2. Feedback gives the best suggestion for the further development.
3. The company can able to provide good service as per the product quality review feedback to maintain the brand value.
4. Feedback system is so much beneficial for startup companies.

Feedback system can be implemented in any business units. Some are in formal feedback system and some are in informal way. Why informal way? We can see one example is: our grocery shop which is in the street cornet of a city, where everyday most of the people are visiting. So the shopkeeper get direct contact with the customers, here we can understand the company need not to get feedback from customers, it can get feedback from the shopkeeper who is dealing with the customers.

The best example of modern-day feedback system we can see in online examination, after completion of the exam the students will undergo one feedback form. Where they have to fill the detail about the exam and also there is suggestion area where they can able to say the process improvements.

Government should give that opportunity to people to give feedback in a way that the new schemes which are lunching can be getting good process improvement ideas. May be it is difficult to get idea from a large number of people but still feedback is most important for process improvement if it is properly accepted by the organization.

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Generally in software development organization, company follows certain rules and regulation to make software. The developers follow some models to develop effective software. There are some models which are effectively used in software development process such as, waterfall model, spiral model, V model, Agile model etc. The most common model used is the waterfall model.

Different phases of waterfall model are:

So we can see as per the model fist is requirement analysis, where the developer have to analyze the requirement for software development. It may be software requirement, hardware requirement and anything as per the need. Second one is design phase where one team has to design the software as per the need of a client. Then come implementation where the developer implements the software if it is well prepared. And after that the testing phase which we will discuss below. And the last one is maintenance phase where the company have to provide service to client and fix the issues if arise in future.

Now what is testing? It is a process where the developer will check the software properly as it is designed as per the requirement or not. Different types software testing is there such as:

a. Unit testing
b. Integration testing
c. System testing
d. User acceptance testing
Etc…

As per the need of the project developer can choose to do software testing and make good report for the development process. Some testing are done at the end-user side, such as user acceptance testing.
So now question is why it is needed?

It is because:

1. To maintain the good quality software product.
2. Make the software bug and error free.
3. Provide the software to client as per the requirement.
4. Check the functionality and error and resolve it before installing into server.
5. Prevent defect migration. It is because the major error is done during requirement analysis, so error must be clear at the early stage.
6. Make the software economically strong. Because if the testing is done in best way the productivity will grow and the software will be economically strong in market.
7. A good software testing process will always keep the company reputation up in the market.
8. Most important thing is one tester is responsible to produce help documents, so that the user can easily use the software.

To understand the actual need of software testing we can take one example:

Suppose one company get project from a bank for making accounting software. The analyst of the company will gather the information from the client. After the requirement analysis the project manager and the team will prepare the SRS( software requirement specification). After that the developer will start working. If the developer will only develop the software and no testing in the project life cycle the then what will happen, when there is implementation in the bank, the bank employee will face problem when using it. And then bank will again report to company about the problem and the company will again try to fix the issue. So it will take a lot of time as well as money.

So if testing is done from the beginning then at the end company will produce good quality software.

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The unemployment is growing day by day as literacy rate is growing. It sounds so unusual thing but it is the fact of our society. The more the students graduated every year, the more the unemployment is happening. It is because of no suitable recruitment process in the colleges. The students who are having skills they are also sitting ideal due to lack of jobs. We can take one example: there are plenty numbers of engineering colleges in the country. And similarly there are so many companies who are having job vacancy. So when the company comes to colleges, it goes to only specific college to get candidates. But thing is that it takes all required number of candidates from that college only. In between this the students who are in the same batch of the particular year from different colleges cannot able to get any scope to attain the interview also. So the skilled candidate loose one good company and one good company loose one skilled candidate. Both are in loose condition.

Now we can think about centralization of recruitment, what it is? We can say when the recruitment process happen in one place and all the students from different colleges and different place will come to that place to attain the interview is called the centralization.

We can say that some company ask for of campus recruitment, but difference between off campus and centralized is off campus interview is college specific, selected colleges are informed to send students for this off campus placement but in centralized all the colleges belongs to the specific region are welcome to attain the recruitment process.
One more thing is that when the centralized recruitment process will happen one candidate can get multiple interviews if he is not selected in one company.

The benefit of this process:

1. It reduces cost of recruitment process, because the company will not have to travel and spend money in different colleges. It will stay at one place and students will come to attain the interview.

2. The HR persons will get to interact with different students who have different skills, so that they can able to choose good candidate for right job.

3. As all company will do recruitment process at a time so students can able to attain interview as per their choice.

4. If the company will get good candidate then the productivity will increase, and if the productivity will increase then the employment will also increase.

5. Most important thing is that it will save time for both company and the students.

So the modern recruitment style must be centralized so that maximum students can get chance for employment.

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Education is necessary for all human being as like as food and water.

Government always gives so much importance to the literacy of the society. Everyone must have to get educated for their good future. Education is most needed for development of the country. So when the people of our country will get educated then the literacy rate will also grow in number. But what it mean by “IT Literacy “? It means information technology literacy for the people. We can say now a days’ IT is so much essential for all so that they can able to grow in this competitive time.

Let’s take one small example, we are using mobile phones both the literate and illiterate people are using it. If the illiterate person will not recognize the number written in the keypad of mobile then he cannot able to make a call. So here Information Technology cannot help the person for their need.

We can say one thing that some people are there who are educated but could not able to understand the IT. We can say one example, one accountant who is working in a small organization; he is just making notes and preparing accounts by pen and paper. But presently everyone using computer and software, such as tally, ms excel etc. If the accountant will not adopt the knowledge of doing computer job then it will not beneficial for the company. So he must have to learn the new technology. So IT Literacy is so essential for everyone who is growing with time.

One more example we can say, out ATM machine. It is purely GUI based system. If the person cannot understand the meaning of the options displayed in the screen then he cannot able to make transaction. So understanding the information technology will help the person to make secure transaction.

For adopting any type of work culture is depends on the IT Literacy, because if the person will get sound knowledge in IT then he can able to work in any condition and in any platform in the organization. Just to excel the knowledge is not enough; he must have to excel the IT skills.

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File system (FS) can be defined as a process by which we can store or retrieve date in a storage medium in a computer. For storing and retrieving the file we can use the file management process. This process is specially designed to keep the file safe and maintain the file in a proper way. File systems usually consists of file which are stored and separated in groups called directories.

There are different types of file systems are there which are commonly used in windows operating system.

1. FAT
2. NTFS

FAT: file allocation system; it is the method of keeping track of contents of a hard drive used by early Microsoft operating system. The table is a chart of numbers that correspond to cluster address on hard drive. It is of different types:

a. FAT8
b. FAT12
c. FAT16
d. FAT32

NTFS: New Technology File System; a file system that was originally designed for windows NT and today is supported in windows 2000, windows XP and some Unix variant operating systems. NTFS, when compared to previous file system such as FAT, improves on reliability, security. And support for client-server system.
Windows NT NTFS uses 5 MB of overhead therefore it is recommended that at least a 50 MB partition be used for NTFS on at least a 400MB hard drive.
NTFS keeps track of the contents of a volume in a file called the MFT, or Master File Table, which essentially if the heart of NTFS. MFT is an index of all files on an NTFS volume, containing the file name, a list of the file attributes, and pointers to the fragments.

NOTE: it is recommended that to format the windows based computer in NTFS instead of FAT.

The reason is because of:

1. Faster access speed.
2. NTFS minimizes the number of disk accesses required to find a file.
3. File and folder security.
4. The boot sector is backed up to a sector at the end of the volume.
5. NTFS functionality can be extended by using reparse points, enabling new features such as volume mount points.

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MIS (Management Information System) is a concept which is necessary for a company to run all work smoothly. The Entrepreneurs who are going to adopt new technology in the company are needed to implement MIS concept, so that they can able to manage the organization in a proper way.
So let’s understand the concept of MIS:
It is the process by which management people can get information about the company from different levels. Let’s explain the term:

We can see the structure of organization above. The data flow from top level to middle level and middle level to low level. Now the question is what it means by these 3 levels, so it means the organization structure is divided into 3 parts such as top level, middle level, and the low level. Top level employees are always the management employee and the board of members. Middle level and low level employees are always associated with the company work directly. In the middle level one employee is there whose designation is MIS executive. The importance of this post is he is responsible for collecting data from the organization and makes consolidated report to the top level management. As a result of which the management people can able to get information from the organization and also can able to implement some changes over it.
The main and the most useful tool one MIS executive use is MS Excel. Which is a strong analytical tool, and it is very easy to use it as it is a freeware product.

Responsibility of MIS:

1. To collect information from different areas in an organization.
2. Making good report for the high level management.
3. Sending consolidated report to the higher authority.
4. Give good process improvement ideas to the management.
5. Preparing the relational data sheet in the organization.

Benefits of MIS:

1. It gives good and well-organized information to the organization.
2. It is responsible for updating information in the organization.
3. Management can easily track the loopholes by getting MIS reports.
4. Process improvement can be done time to time.

So these are the reasons why we can implement MIS in the organization so that it can help us for better service and productivity.

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Few years back when we were going to banks, the bankers used to keep records by using pen and paper. Now it is hardly required to go to banks due to automation process. People got relief from the standing lines in banks. Sometimes people go to banks but not so frequently. It is all possible due to information technology and the implementation of computer science. The information technology implemented the banking system in such a way that both the bankers and the customers both get so much friendly, comfortable and easy way to make transactions. The cash flow monitored by the management system easily. Due to implementation of baking and accounting software it in now easy to make all type of transactions for a person, group of people or company. The database is so smartly and relatively designed that bank can able to keep record for a longer period of time safely.

Benefits of automation:

1. Time saving process. Because it is take less time to make one transaction through the computer system.
2. Easy to get data. As the records for particular person is saved safely in database and it is relational data so banker can easily collect the information by using customer id or we can say the primary key attribute.
3. Modern technology. We can say people can use mobile banking and internet banking for their required transaction.
4. Atm. Atm we can say it automated teller machine. It is useful for people to withdraw cash and deposit cash also. Now a day’s people can transfer money also.
5. Less human recourse. Because easy to work through computer and internet.
6. Less paper work. In automation process we save trees as well as papers.

Demerits of automation:

Now the big question is can 100% automation possible in banking sector?

1. May be 100% automation not possible because all the work depends on electronic machines. And we cannot say one machine can do 100% right work. We can take one example, currently we can see in banks sometimes the banker says link failure so that they cannot able to do the work. So here the work of a person is directly depends on the server. So if it works well so the work will go on smoothly.
2. Now one example is the cash counting machine. Sometimes the machine counts wrongs, may be due to some error. That time the banker must count himself by hand. So it is time-consuming and need more effort.
3. If the computer of the banks have hardware or software problem then it will be also one obstacle for work.
4. In some cases the bank employees are not technically sound. So that they cannot able to fix the error or bug. So they depend on the IT department.

So these are all the cases where we can see 100% automation in not possible in banks. But the IT plays the vital role in banking sectors.

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