Strategic management, which includes formulation, implementation, and evaluation, can occur at multiple hierarchical levels. These levels are 1) corporate level 2) strategic business unit (SBU) level, and 3) functional level.

Corporate level strategies are concerned with the overall purpose or objectives of the organization. For example, joint ventures, mergers & acquisitions etc. Strategic business unit or division level strategies are concerned with the issues of the unit or division, and functional strategies or operational strategies focus on functions like marketing, manufacturing, finance, production, etc.

In single businesses, distinctions between corporate level and strategic business level strategies do not exist. The most important aspect is that the strategies at these levels do not exist in isolation but co-exist to support each other for the organization’s success.

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Many of us want to start our own Business,Everyone of us dreams of it but there are some steps which one need to start their business.

1.You Need A Plan for your Business:A plan is very important because it is the road map of the business it help in growth of revenues.

2.Take assistance or training :You can take help from the free training and other counselling services from making business plan to the expandation of the business.

3.Choose right Location: Take help from the counselling services in order to choose an appropriate location for your business an must make yourself understand about the laws of the location.

4.Finance: To start a business you need to invest in it ,there can be two ways to finance your business one is you have money to invest other is from bank loans or other similar ways.

5.Find out What type of Business you are going to start legally:Determine whether your business will be the sole proprietorship, partnership, Limited Liability Company (LLC), corporation, S corporation, nonprofit or cooperative.

6.Register your Business with a Name: Customer only remembers the name so you need a catchy name  and it must identify your business.

7.Get a TIN(Tax Identification Number) and register for several taxes:Tax Information Network (TIN) is an initiative by Income Tax Department of India (ITD) for the modernization of the current system for collection, processing, monitoring and accounting of direct taxes using information technology.

8.Obtain the licences or permits which are needed by your business.

9.Learn you responsibilities as an Employer.

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In our day to day life we come across some words like Hadoop,Big Data and Analytics.Today Analytics and Big Data were among the Top 10 strategic Technologies.What is Big Data ?Big Data is the collection of large and complex data seta.These data sets have large volume,high velocity and high complexity due to which it is unable to process such data with traditional data processing approaches.There are various systems for Big Data processing and analytics,alternative to Hadoop such as HPCC or Red Shift by Amazon etc but Hadoop is more successful because of the number of distribution available from different companies.

The main reasons behind the Hadoop success are :
1.It is an opensource project.
2.It can be used on numerous domains.
3.It has a great scope for improvement with respect to fault tolerance,availability and file systems.
4.One can write the jobs in SQL like Hive,Pig,Jaql etc instead of using complex Map Reduce.
These features allows companies to modify the Hadoop cor or its distributions according to the companies need and objectives.

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All of us have heard BIG DATA and must have read few articles about it but in this article I will tel you the meaning of Big Data for E-Commerce.What is the importance of Big Data in E-commerce.?

1. Personalization

How do companies push out personalized content and promotions and Customer Segmentation?Companies collects the data from various loyalty programs,patterns of visitors browsing and past purchases,companies process this information to perform customer segmentation and thus provide the personalized cotent and promotions.

2. Customer service

A large segment of visitors on e-commerce and sale depends on the customer services provided by the companies.Big Data can be used to coordinate with the various communication channels,including emails,live chat or phone calls.Resource allocation is also important aspect of the e-commerce because if companies understand the concerned issues of the customers or the time periods where customer support is most needed can effectively solve the customer’s issues.

3. Dynamic pricing/offers

Data processing is useful in creating relatively accurate profile for every customer.And this profile can provide the insights as to what price would re-engage the customer.It is the most effective customer retention strategy.

4. Supply chain management

Big Data provides a way to mitigate the possible disruptions to the process and thus allow to quickly act upon the preventive measures.It provide real-time capturing and communication of the updates in warehousing or shipping updates to the retailers.

5. Predictive Analytics

Different in-depth pictures of the different channels can be derived such as sales,inventory and business.

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WHAT IS GATE?

GATE is an All India Examination which  tests candidates for their complete understanding of various subjects in Engineering and Technology. It is conducted by seven Indihttp://vskills.in/certification/blog/wp-admin/post.php?post=17050&action=editan Institute of Technology(IIT) and Indian Institute of Science,Bangalore on behalf of Department of Higher Education,MHRD, National Coordination Board and Government of India.GATE score can be used to get jobs in PSUs(Public Sector Units) and apply for fellowship programes.A GATE score is valid for 2 years after the declaration of result.

There are the few tips to clear GATE exam:

1.Start preparing from the end of 2nd year or starting of 3rd year and understand each and every subject.

2.Have Faith in yourself:Always believe that you can clear the GATE you have that ability.

2.Understand GATE:Now you are mentally prepared to clear GATE,next phase is to have a clear vision of the GATE i.e., what is exam all about,the eligibility criteria,pattern of the exam,any amendments done for current year and the last but not least syllabus.
3.Concentrate on the syllabus: focus on the syllabus:Understand the syllabus.Then search the study material.Always select those study material which cover the syllabus completely and easily for you.

4.Timetable:prepare a timetable.timetable plays a very important role in the exam preparation always try to finish the tough concepts first and then easier one.Stick to that timetable.

5.Clear each and every concept because GATE is concept based examination,always try to clear each and every concept don’t try to learn them always understand the concept.

6.Make the brief notes.

7.Last but not least take mock tests.Mock test will help you find the concepts which are not completely clear and in determining whether you are finishing the test on time,because  time is important.

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“Leadership is the art of getting someone else to do something you want done because he wants to do it”. One’s survival in today’s environment need the ability to adapt to change.As we master in our jobs and create a comfort zone we might need to change them.Due to globalization the work culture has been shifted.Today jobs are not just about completing the tasks one have to survive with the changes.The people who change and adapt as required are called the “leaders” they provide guidance, direction,support and time to adjust to those people who need to learn and accept the change.

A person who has a vision,commitment to work towards that vision & skills to achieve it can be called as a leader.Leader need to motivate the team to achieve a common goal.

Importance of Leadership skills:

1.helps in the nation’s growth and prosperity

2.Growth and development of organization

3.helps in self enhancement and empowerment

4.helps parents to enable their children to become productive adults

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Bill Gates and Donald Trumps are not born driven,they have faced many challenges and they have overcome them by keeping them self motivated.All the  successful people share a common attribute that is their ability to motivate themselves.Level of achieving motivation may vary from one person to another i.e., it may come easier for some than others.It need some practice to be self motivated.Here are some ways to become self motivated:

1.Define Your Goal:To start self motivation process you need to define you goal.Set small goals achieve them by crossing obstacles.

2.Remain Eager-Embrace your Struggles:Struggles and obstacles in your path should be used as motivation.Never try to search alternatives whenever you face obstacles always resolve them.It will let you know your ability to conquer and will give you the confidence to be a self motivated person.

3.Have a Plan:Planning plays an important role in achieving goals.Planning also helps you to be self motivated and track your success.

4.Set priorities:Keep yourself away from distractions always set priorities to avoid being pulled in different directions.

5.Success Visualization: The best method to self motivation is to see yourself succeeding.

6.Believe in yourself:You need to be confident about yourself.All the doors to doubts which kills the motivation are closed by the belief and the knowledge you have succeeded.

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Everyone want to be an Entrepreneur but what makes a difference in wanting and becoming?Who is an Entrepreneurs?According to wikipedia “An entrepreneur is a person who shifts economic resources out of lower and into higher productivity and greater yield.Or simply “Any person who is able to make monetary profits in a Business is an Entrepreneur”.To be an entrepreneur you need:

1.Your Passion makes you different from others ,you just need to follow it.Whatever you like or in whichever field you are just be fascinating about something.Then you will be on the path of success.

2.Find the things you are good at,and then work on them.

3.Never take decision in hurry i.e., keep patience while taking decisions.

4.One door is closed there is always another door open for you.You just need to catch those opportunities.

5.Team work is best.None of us can do things alone.Build a  strong team.

6.Know your customers,as much you know about your customers more success full you will be in your business.

7.Never be money minded.Do the things you are passionate about,then only you can be an entrepreneur.

8.Always keep those people in your team who are smarter than you.

9.You have to make sacrifices as there is no such things as a free lunch.

10.Just do it!Start working on your thoughts right from the moment you get it.

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What comes to your mind when you hear the word interview?Presentation and expressions but in a telephonic interview there is no facial expression or presentation.There are few things that you must keep in mind when you are going to give an interview on telephone.

1.Select that time for interview at which there is no disturbance or select the place where no one can disturb you.

2.Before giving interview make a mindmap of your life give time to it because it is going to help you when you will be asked to tell something about yourself.

3.Listen and understand the question completely because there are the times when people start answering without listening the question and end at giving answer of something else.

4.Keep replying to the interviewer it will show that you are listening.

5.Whenever you stuck at some instance don’t keep on repeating the question or uttering something.

6.Always answer in soft and calm voice it will reflect your behaviour.

7.When you get a chance to ask question to interviewer think for a while and then ask the question.You can ask some questions related to the company’s environment,interviewer’s experience at company or something which you want to know about the job for which you have applied.

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Cryptography is the science and art of hiding the meaning of a communication from unintended recipients. It encrypt the data in such a way that only intended receiver can read the message.

There are two firms of cryptography symmetric key and public key cryptography. In symmetric key cryptography both sender and receiver has common key or secret. This key is called cryptovariable the sender encrypts the message using cryptovariable to produce ciphertext,then the same cryptovariable is used by the receiver to decrypt the message. The main issue with symmetric key cryptography is that if the key is compromised or attacker somehow know the cryptovariable then he can easily decrypt the message.

Another form is public key cryptography,in it all participants have a private key and a public key. The public key is available publicly to anyone but private key is kept secret from all. The main concept behind this is public key is used for encrypting the message and to verify the digital signature whereas private key is used to decrypt ciphertext.

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